HANDBOUND AT THE

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS

1

THE

SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK

I A

IN THE XXVIII EDWARD I. A. D. MCCC ;

WITH

THE ARMS OF THE EARLS, BARONS, AND KNIGHTS,

WHO WERE PRESENT ON THE OCCASION ;

WITH

A TRANSLATION, A HISTORY OF THE CASTLE,

AND

MEMOIRS OF THE PERSONAGES COMMEMORATED BY THE POET.

BY

NICHOLAS HARRIS NICOLAS, ESQ.

OF THE INNER TEMPLE, BARRISTER AT LAW.

LONDON: J. B. NICHOLS AND SON.

MDCCCXXVIII.

Sf

6320S7

I'IMNTtU UV J. n. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, 1MIILIAMENT STKEIT

TO THE

KINGS, HERALDS, AND PURSUIVANTS,

OF THE

College of

GENTLEMEN,

I do myself the honour of inscribing this volume to you, in testimony of my high respect for your profession, and of my gratitude for the liberal manner in which you have for many years been pleased to allow me access to your invaluable archives.

By those individuals of your Corporation, with whom I have long lived on terms of uninterrupted intimacy, I hope this dedication will also be received as evidence that I admire their talents as much as I value their friendship.

I have the honour to subscribe myself,

Gentlemen, Your very faithful and obliged humble Servant,

NICHOLAS HARRIS NICOLAS.

February IQth, 1828.

PREFACE.

THE claims of the following Poem to attention are great and unques- tionable : instead, therefore, of a feeling of surprise being excited at its present appearance, it is extraordinary that it should not long since have been given to the world in an accurate and satisfactory manner.

For the Historian — the Poem minutely details the siege of a celebrated fortress in Scotland, by King Edward the First, in July, 1300, of which no other account is to be found, excepting in one line of Peter de Langtoft's rhyming Chronicle, and in a few words of the inedited Chronicle of Lanercost Abbey.

For the Antiquary — it abounds in descriptions of considerable interest, chiefly respecting the mode in which a siege was conducted, and the ap- pearance and equipment of an army, at the end of the thirteenth century.

By the Bibliographer — its value must be at once admitted, since its antiquity is undoubted. When compared with other poems of the time, its merits as a composition are at least equal if not superior to most of those which are extant, and, from the subject of which it principally treats, it is unique.

It is by the lover of Heraldry, however, (if, which it is difficult to believe, such an individual can exist, who is not to a greater or less extent an antiquary,) that this Poem will be the most eagerly perused and the most attentively studied. It contains the accurate blazon of above one hundred Knights or Bannerets of the reign of Edward the First, among whom were the King, the Prince of Wales, and the greater part of the Peers of the realm. At the same time that this production may, perhaps, be considered the earliest blazon of arms which is known, it

IV PREFACE.

affords evidence of the perfect state of the science of Heraldry at that early period, and from which it is manifest that it was reduced to a science, when it is generally considered to have been but in its infancy.

Valuable as the " Siege of Carlaverock" is to Historians and Antiqua- ries, it is difficult to believe that the raciness of the author's descriptions, his quaint notices of the characters of the different personages, and the occasional beauty of his passages, will not possess a charm for far more general readers.

The merits of the Poem having been pointed out, it is necessary that the proofs of its authenticity should be briefly noticed. It is sufficient to state the fact that a contemporary copy at this moment exists in the British Museum ;a and, irrefragable as that evidence is, the internal proofs, to which various allusions are made in the biographical memoirs, are no less satisfactory.

Although the name of the author has not been decidedly ascertained, there is one line which affords strong presumptive proof of his identity. When speaking of the Earl of Warwick, he says he has alluded to him in

his " rhyme of Guy :"

©e Bartoifi le Count Cement feen ma rime fee

It may therefore be presumed that the author of the " Siege of Carlave- rock" was Walter of Exeter, a Franciscan friar, who " is said on good authority to have written the romantic history of Guy Earl of Warwick about the year 1292." b Bale asserts that the said Walter wrote " Vitam Guidonis," and which, Warton observes, " seems to imply a prose his- tory."0 An imperfect but contemporary copy of the romance in question is thus described in the Harleian Catalogue, " Historia Feliciee filise Co- mitis Warwicensis, et Guidonis filii Seguarti dispensatoris ejus, aliter dicti Guido Warwicensis, versibus Gallicis:"d and a few extracts from it will

a In the Cottonian MSS. Caligula, A. xviii.

' Warton's History of English Poetry, ed. 1774, vol. I. p. 87, apparently on the authority of Bale and Carew. Bishop Nicolson and some other writers state, however, that it was written in 1301, about the same time as the " Siege of Carlaverock."

<-• Warton's History of English Poetry, p. 87, note. d Harleian MSS. 3775, art. 2.

PREFACE. V

be found among the notes at the end of this volume. A copy also occurs in the College of Arms,'1 in the collection of MSS. presented to that body by Henry, Duke of Norfolk, in 1678 ; and perhaps other transcripts exist. Two reasons, besides the lines which have been just extracted, render it probable that the author of the following Poem wrote the one in question ; the date which has been assigned to it, 1292, and its having been written in the same language.

Of Walter of Exeter very few particulars are known. Carew considered him to have been born in Cornwall, and says he was " a Franciscan friar of Carocus6 in that county, and that at the request of Baldwin of Exeter he formed the History of Guy of Warwick ;" but Prince claims him, with more probability, as a native of Devon, " as his name plainly'de- monstrates the place to which he owed his nativity, Exeter in Devon." f The biographical facts of him mentioned by that writer, are so few that they will be here inserted. He was, he informs us, a religious man professed, but of what order is not known. Bale thought he was a Dominican, Carew that he was a Franciscan friar, and Izaac that he was a monk of the order of St. Bennet. The greater part of his time was passed in a little cell in Cornwall near St. Caroke, a short distance from Lostwithiel, in study and devotion ; but his chief pursuit was history : "for his knowledge therein he hath obtained this character, ' Quod in historiarum cognitione non fuit ultimus,' and the part of history he was most skilled in was the lives of the saints and other great men, which induced Baldwin, his fellow citizen, to put him upon writing the life of Guy of Warwick." " What more things he wrote," Prince adds, " he does not find, but, dying as is probable in his cell, he lieth interred near that place."

The studies for which that monk was distinguished peculiarly fitted him for the task of composing a poem of so historical and biographical a nature

'1 Now numbered 27.

e Tonkin supposes Carew to have meant Carantocus, Crantock, in Cornwall.

f Survey of Cornwall, with Tonkin's notes, published by Lord de Dunstanville in 1811, p. 159.

g Worthies of Devon, ed. 1810, p. 345.

b

Vi PREFACE.

as the " Siege of Carlaverock ;" and heraldry and genealogy, of which the writer displays a profound knowledge, were, it is probable, then deemed to form no trifling part of the necessary acquirements of an historian. That it was the production of a priest may be inferred from the laboured eulo- gium of the Bishop of Durham, though Warton supposes that it was un- doubtedly written by a herald :h but in this instance his opinion is not to be relied on, for he could never have examined the Poem with attention, as in the extract which he has given from it, though consisting of only four lines, the most important words, " D'erinine," are printed " Determinee," nor was the banner to which it relates that of John Duke of Brittany, but of his nephew, John of Brittany.

Whether it be considered that the Poem was .written by Walter of Exeter or not, the probability is sufficiently great to justify what has been said on the subject.

The text has been formed from a MS. copy of the Poem in the auto- graph of Glover, the celebrated herald, preserved in the Library of the College of Arms,' in consequence of the following certificate that it was transcribed from the original :

Exemplar verissimum vetusti eundem reverendae antiquitatis monument!, religiose admodum transcript!, renovati, et ab injuria temporis vindicati. Eundem fideliter cum prototipo sive ori- ginal! in omnibus concordare testatur Robert' Gloverus, Somerset!' fecialis regius, Armorum regi cui Norroy nomen inditum, Mariscallus designatus. Qui veritati testimonium perhibere pulchrum ducens, tam hie in fronte, quam etiam in calce, manu propria nomen suum subscripsit, tertio nonas February. Anno Cliristi Salvatoris M. D. lxxx*vij° Regni vero Serm» Reginas Elizabethan tricesimo.

GLOVER SOMEKSETT,

Mareschal au Norroy Roy d'Armcs. The signature at the end of the Poem is,

R. GLOVER SOMERSETT,

Mareschal au Norroy Roy d'Armes.

It has also been most carefully collated with the contemporary copy in the Museum, and every variation is inserted in the notes.

h History of English Poetry, vol. I. p. 335.

i Following the Poem in that volume is a catalogue of the names and arms of the Princes and Noble- men and Knights who were with King Edward the First at Calais, with their arms illuminated in the margin. This catalogue has been printed more than once.

PREFACE. Vll

Another transcript is deposited in the office of Ulster King of Arms at Dublin, to which a similar certificate by Glover is affixed ;k and modern copies are in the possession of various individuals.

In 177-9 the Poem was printed in the " Antiquarian Repertory," pro- fessedly from the contemporary copy just alluded to, and with a translation; the text there given is, however, as corrupt as the translation is unfor- tunate. For the former there is no apology ; but of the mistakes in the latter no person is disposed to speak more tenderly than he who now sub- mits one which he is sensible requires but little less indulgence. Perhaps few tasks are more difficult, and certainly none more laborious, than to translate an early French poem. The sacrifice of sense to rhyme, not only in the transposition of words, but in the substitution of one which in some cases almost bears the mark of being coined for the occasion ; the quaint conceits with which these productions abound ; the errors or abbreviations of transcribers ; the allusion to things or events of which no trace remains ; combine to form a host of difficulties which no sagacity can surmount, and which can only be understood by those who have encountered them. As the translation was so unsatisfactory to himself, the Editor was induced to solicit a gentleman of the highest reputation for his acquaintance with the French of the period, and indeed with every thing else which is con- nected with English history, to favour him with his remarks. These will be found in the notes ; and they merit the reader's attention as much as the readiness and kindness with which they were written claim his ac- knowledgments. It is also just to the learned individual by whom they were contributed to add, that he is also indebted to him for the important suggestion that the author of the poem had previously written a romance " of Guy."

With the view of rendering the volume as complete as possible, a topo- graphical and general history of Carlaverock Castle has been prefixed to the poem ; and memoirs of every individual who is noticed by the Poet have been added to it.

From the information of Sir William Bctham, Ulster King of Arms.

viii PREFACE,

The description of the banner of each Knight is illustrated by a wood- cut, which has been taken from the illuminations in the margin of the copy of the Poem by Glover, in the College of Arms.

The materials for these memoirs, which might almost be entitled " Biographical Notices of the Baronage of England in 1300," since there are but few of them who were not present at the siege, have been chiefly derived from the invaluable labours of Sir William Dugdale, a writer whose fame can derive no lustre from any praise which it is in the power of the Editor to bestow, but who may at least be permitted to express the surprise and regret with which he has lately seen that indefatigable antiquary designated as a mere " plodding and laborious collector of records and dates," by a gentleman who ought to be able to form a more just opinion of productions which tend in so important a degree to illus- trate the history of this country.1

In many instances, however, several facts have been introduced into the account of the Peers who were at Carlaverock which escaped that distinguished Herald, whilst of such persons as it was not the object of his work to notice, very considerable trouble has been taken to collect all the information possible : hence it is presumed that this volume may be useful from the biography which it contains.

To apologize for the errors which may be found in a work of this description would be impertinent. Those who can best estimate the time and research which it has consumed, will be sensible that it could not be wholly free from mistakes or omissions.

To his friend Charles George Young, Esq. York Herald, F. S. A., Michael Jones, Esq. F. S. A., Dr. Meyrick, F. S. A., Frederick Madden, Esq. F.S. A., for their assistance and suggestions, and to William Constable Maxwell, Esq. the proprietor of Carlaverock Castle, for the account of the present state of his family, the Editor begs to offer his sincere thanks.

1 Preface to Godwin's " History of the Commonwealth."

HISTORY

OF

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE,

THE Castle of Carlaverock, which is said to have been the Carbanto- rigum of Ptolemy," stood in the parish of that name, in the county, and about nine miles south of the town, of Dumfries, on the north shore of Solway Frith, at the confluence of the rivers Nith and Locher.

Tradition states that it was founded in the sixth century by Lewarch Og, son of Lewarch Hen, a celebrated British poet ; and that it de- rived its name from his own, Caer Lewarch Ogg, which in the Gaelic language signified the city or fortress of Lewarch Ogg, and which was afterwards corrupted to Caerlaverock.b Mr. Grose, however, doubts this etymology ; and it would be a waste of time to speculate upon its correctness.

Carlaverock Castle was, according to a MS. pedigree cited by that writer, the principal seat of the family of Maxwell as early as the time of Malcolm Canmore ; but Sir Robert Douglas informs us in his Peerage, that Sir John Macuswell acquired the Barony of Carlaverock about the year 1220.

It is impossible to give any other account of the original Castle than the Poet's description of it. He says, " Carlaverock was so strong a Castle that it did not fear a siege, therefore the King came himself, because it would not consent to surrender ; but it was always furnished for its defence, whenever it was required, with men, engines, and provisions.

» Cough's Camden, vol. III. p. 327. b Grose's Antiquities of Scotland, vol. I. p. 159.

C

X HISTORY OF

Its shape was like that of a shield/ for it had only three sides, all round, with a tower on each angle ; but one of them was a double one, so high, so long, and so large, that under it was the gate with the drawbridge, well made and strong ; and a sufficiency of other defences. It had good walls, and good ditches filled to the edge with water ; and I believe there never was seen a Castle more beautifully situated ; for at once could be seen the Irish Sea towards the west ; and to the north a fine country, sur- rounded by an arm of the sea, so that no creature born could approach it on two sides, without putting himself in danger of the sea. Towards the south it was not easy, because there were numerous dangerous defiles of wood and marshes, ditches where the sea is on each side of it, and where the river reaches it ; and therefore it was necessary for the host to approach it towards the east, where the hill slopes." d Mr. Grose informs us that the site and foundation of the original castle were very conspicuous and easy to be traced, in a wood about three hundred yards to the south of the present building ; that it appears to have been rather smaller than the second castle, but of a similar form ; and that it was surrounded by a double ditch.

Such was the fortress which Edward the First, on his invasion of Scot- land in June, 1300, found it necessary to reduce. By writs tested on the 29th December, 28 Edw. I. 1299, all who owed military service to the crown were ordered to attend at Carlisle on the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist next ensuing, to serve against the Scots.8 The command was punctually obeyed ; and about the first of July the English army quitted Carlisle. The Poet's description of it is very interesting. " They were habited," he says, " not in coats and surcoats, but were mounted on powerful and costly chargers, and, that they might not be taken by surprize, they were well and securely armed. There were many rich caparisons embroidered on silks and satins ; many a beautiful pennon fixed to a lance ; and many a banner displayed. And afar oft' was heard the neighing of horses : hills and vallies were every where covered with

c Shields in the thirteenth century were nearly triangular. J Pages 62, 63.

e Palgrave's " Parliamentary Writs," and the Poem, p. 2.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XI

sumpter horses and waggons with provisions, and sacks of tents and pa- vilions. And the days were long and fine : they proceeded by easy journies, arranged in four squadrons." f

He then notices the arms, and, in many cases, personal merits or ap- pearance of each of the Bannerets and some of the Knights who were present, among whom were the King, his eldest son the Prince of Wales, and the most illustrious peers of the realm, to the number of " eighty- seven,"6 but he describes the banners of eighty-eight individuals. The men at arms amounted to three thousand/ and " quite filled the roads to Carlaverock." s If any reliance can be placed upon his statement, it must be inferred that a summons was sent to the Castle before the King deter- mined to besiege it, and that it was in consequence of the refusal to sur- render, for it " was not to be taken like a chess-rook," ° that his Majesty appeared before it in person. h

The exact time of the siege cannot be ascertained, but it undoubtedly took place between the 6th and 12th of July, 1300, for on the former day Edward was at Carlisle,11 and on the latter at Carlaverock ;' but as he was at Dumfries on the 10th,J it may be concluded that the Castle was taken either on the 10th or llth of that month.

The investiture and siege are minutely described in the Poem. As soon as the English army appeared before the place, it was quartered by the Marshal ; and the soldiers proceeded to erect huts for their accommoda- tion, the account of which is very picturesque.k Soon afterwards the mili- tary engines and provisions were brought by the fleet, and the foot-men immediately marched against the Castle.k A sharp skirmish took place, which lasted about an hour, in which time several were killed and wounded. k The loss sustained by the infantry caused the men at arms to hasten to their assistance ; or, as the Poet has expressed it, many of them " ran there, many leaped there, and many used such haste to go that they did not deign to speak to any one." k It would be difficult to find more appropriate words to detail what ensued than his own : " Then might

*

f Pages 4-5. g Page 59. h Liber Quoditianus Garderobae, a° 28 Edw. I. p. 72.

i Ibid. p. 41. j Ibid. k page 65.

Xll HISTORY OF

there be seen such kind of stones thrown as if they would beat hats and helms to powder, and break shields and targets in pieces, for to kill and wound was the game at which they played. Great shouts wrere among them when they perceived that any mischief occurred." ' He then notices some Knights who particularly distinguished themselves in the assault ; and proceeds to state that the first body was formed of Bretons, and the second of Lorains, who rivalled each other in zeal and prowess,1" and that those engaged in the attack " did not act like discreet people, nor as men enlightened by understanding, but as if they had been inflamed and blinded by pride and despair, for they made their way right forwards to the very brink of the ditch." n At that moment the followers of Sir Tho- mas de Richmont passed close up to the draw-bridge, and demanded admission, but they received no other answer to the summons " than ponderous stones and cornues." n Sir Robert de Willoughby was wounded in his breast by a stone ; and the valour of Sir John Fitz-Mar- maduke," Sir Robert Hamsart, " from whose shield fragments might often be seen to fly in the air,"" Sir Ralph de Gorges,0 Sir Robert de Tony,0 and especially of the Baron of Wigton, " who received such blows that it was the astonishment of all that he was not stunned," is especially comme- morated.0

The party engaged was reinforced by the followers of the Prince of Wales : «» the walls were mined with considerable effect by Sir Adam de la Forde : ° and Sir Richard de Kirkbride assailed the gate of the Castle in so vigorous a manner, " that never did smith with his hammer strike his iron as he and his did there." q Nor was the bravery of the besieged less con- spicuous. They showered such huge stones, quarrels, and arrows upon their enemies, that the foremost among them became so much hurt and bruised that it was with great difficulty they could retreat.i At that junc- ture Robert Lord Clifford sent his banner and many of his retinue, with Sir Bartholomew de Badlesmere and Sir John de Cromwell, to supply their places/ though they were not permitted to remain there long ; and on

1 Page 65. m page 69. n Page 71. ° Page 75.

p Page 73. q Page 77. r page 79.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. Xlll

their retiring, Sir Robert la Warde and Sir John de Grey renewed the attack, but the besieged were prepared for their reception, and " bent their bows and cross-bows, and kept their espringalls in readiness both to throw and to hurl." a The retinue of the Earl of Brittany, " fierce and daring as the lions of the mountain," recommenced the assault, and soon covered the entrance to the Castle :* they were supported by the followers of Lord Hastings, one of whom, John de Cretings, is said to have nearly lost his horse on the occasion.1

The courage of the little garrison was not yet subdued. As one of them became fatigued another supplied his place, and they gallantly de- fended the fortress the whole of one day and night, and the next day until about nine o'clock in the morning." But the numerous stones which were thrown from the Robinet depressed then* spirits ;u and it was impossi- ble to resist the effect of three ponderous battering engines on the opposite side, every stroke of which, by " piercing, rending, and overturning the stones, caused the pieces to fall in such a manner that neither an iron hat nor wooden target " could protect them, and many were consequently killed/ Finding resistance to be hopeless, they requested a parley, and in token thereof hung out a pennon ; but the unfortunate soldier who dis- played it was shot through his hand into his face by an arrow," when the others demanded quarter, surrendered the Castle to the King of England, and threw themselves upon his mercy."

The Marshal and Constable of the army immediately commanded that all hostilities should cease, and took possession of the place. The English were excessively surprised to find that the whole number of the garrison amounted only to sixty men, who were, the Poet says, " beheld with much astonishment," >' and were securely guarded until the King ordered that life and limb should be granted to them, and bestowed on each a new robe ;? but this account of the treatment of the prisoners differs entirely from that in the Chronicle of Lanercost, where it is said that many of them were hung.

s Pages 80, 81. t Page 81. u Page 83. * Page 85. * Page 86. * Page 87. y Page 87.

d

HISTORY OF

As soon as the Castle fell into Edward's hands, he caused his banner, and that of St. George and St. Edward, to be displayed on its battlements, to which were added the banner of Sir John Segrave the Marshal, and of the Earl of Hereford the Constable, of the army ; together with that of Lord Clifford, who was appointed its Governor.y

Only two contemporary chroniclers notice the event, and their state- ments are excessively brief. Peter of Langtoft says the rain

... -ran ooton on i\je tttountajm£ and Drenfttea tlje Sir €utoai't> jtaui) tlja papnE.£, find toft ffje gate arfje more ty for.softe, tlje fotemen lift a ffoft, 3. pottere fjamlete tofte, tlje ca^telle ftarelaberoft :

The Chronicle of Lanercost gives a much more accurate account of the circumstance, though it is scarcely less concise :

A° MCCC. Eodem [anno] circa festum Sancti Johannis Baptistse, Dominus Edwardus Rex Angliae cum pi-oceribus et magnatibus Angliae venit apud Karleolum, cum quo venit Dominus Hugo de Veer, et fecit moram apud Lanercost Et inde transivit Rex in partes Galwithiae usque ad aquam de Grithe, cepitque castruni de Carlaverok, quod dedit Domino Roberto de Clifforde, et fecit plures intus castrum inventos suspend!, fuitque tune annus Jubilei anno pontificatus Boni- facii Papae vj°.z

The capture of the Castle is also noticed by Robert Winchelsey, who was then Archbishop of Canterbury, in a letter to the Pope, dated on the 8 id. October, 1300, in which he says that in obedience to his Holiness's commands to present a certain Bull to the King, he proceeded to his Majesty, " versus castrum de Carlaudrok (mod prius ceperat."a

The " Liber Quotidianus Garderobce" of that year, contains numerous notices of Carlaverock, the first of which proves that Edward was there on the 12th of July, as on that day an oblation of seven shillings was offered in honour of St. Thomas in his majesty's chapel at that place :

xij die Julij in obi' Regis ad altare in capella sua apud Karlaverok, in honore Sancti Thome vijs.b

y Page 87. z Cotton. MSS. Claudius, D. vii. f. 209.

a Leib. Cod. Jur. gent. vol. II. p. 280. b Liber Quotidianus Garderobse, page 41.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE.' XV

But the most important are those which relate to the siege of the Castle, and which will therefore be extracted at length:

Magistro Ricardo cle Abyndon, [pro vyndag' vini, &c. et] pro vadiis diversorum operarior' fabroruin ct carpentar' mi.ssorum de Karliol' usque Carlaverok, pro ingen' Reg', per manus Domini Henr' de Sandwyco capellani Domini Joh'is de Drokenesford, liberant" eidem denariis apud Karliol', mense Julij, ij li. iiij s. xj d. c

Magistro Ricardo de Abyndon, Clerico, pro vad' carpentar' fabrorum et aliorum operariorum diversorum retentorum ad vadia Regis, per preceptum Regis per literam Thes' de scaccario ad uiiuin catum, unuin multonem, et unam berfrarium, et alia ingenia facienda, per visum et ordi- nacionem D'ni Joh'is de la Dolive, Militis, ad insultum faciend* castro de Karlaverok in adventu Regis et exercitus sui ibidem anno present!, et ad cariend' cum Rege in eadem guerra ad diversa loca Scocie inter xx diem Nov* anno predicto incipien' ad xxiiij diem Julij anno eodem, una cum diversis caring' conductis pro maeremio et aliis diversis pro predictis negociis necessariis cariand' ad loca diversa infra idem comp', sicut patet per comp' predictum, xlvj li .xiij s. jd. ob. d

D'no Joh'i de la Dolyve, Const' castri de Dunfres, pro expensis quorumdam hominum eund' circa victualia pro municione dicti castri queremla, expens' quorumdam nunc' defer' literas per diversas vices, ciphis, ligneis, platell', et discis emp' per eundem, calciatura quorumdam balistar' commoranc' in municione predicta, ac expen' suis et quorumdam hominum euncium per pre- ceptum Regis, pro ingeniis querendo de Carliolo usque Carlaverok pro captione ejusdem castri, infra tempus predictum [a ix° die Marcij anno presenti xxviij0 usque xxx diem Julij anno eodem] iijli. xixs. bid. ob. e

Magistro Ade Glasham, carpentar' retento eodem modo ad vadia Regis pro ingenio venienc' de Loghmaban ad obsidionem castri de Carlaverok, pro vadiis suis, et vij sociorum suorum carpentar', a x die Jul' usque xx diem ejusdem mensis, utroque comp' per xj dies, predicto Ade per diem vjrf. et cuilibet alio carpentar' per diem iiijrf. jli. xjs. ijrf.f

And other carpenters, masons, &c. were retained for the same period. e

Roberto de Wodehous, pro den' per ipsum solutis Petro de Preston et ix sociis suis const' cum equis coopertis, pro vadiis suis vj CLX sag1 ped' ven' usque Karliol um de com' Lane', per ij dies, veniendo de Karliolo usque Karlaverok ad Regem viij die Jul' pro primo romp' xij //. xj s. ; eidem, provadiis ij balist' et xlij sag' de municione castri de Roukesburgh, unius balist' et xj sag' peditum de municione castri de Gcddevvorth, per eosdem ij dies, veniendo eodem modo ad Regem j/». ijs. viij d. ; eidem, pro vadiis v hobelar' de municione de Rokesburgh, per idem tempus, sic veniendo, vs. ; eidem, pro vadiis iv carpentai1' et v fossator' per unum diem, videlt, viij diem Jul', veniendo ut supni, ijs. ij d. Summa, xiv/t. xrf. R

Steph'o Banyng, mag'ro navis et x sociis suis nautis ejusdem navis, car' in pre-

c Liber Quotidianus Garderoba;, page 67. d Ibid, page 140. e Ibid, page 153.

Ibid, page 258. g Ibid, page 259. h Ibid.

XVI HISTORY OF

dicta navi sua quoddam ingen' de Skynburnesse usque Karlaverok, pro vadiis suis, per duos dies, x die Julij, pro primo comp', mag'ro percip' per diem vjd et quol't alio nauta per diem iijrf. vjs.i

Several entries occur which tend to prove that the King was at Carlave- rock on the 13thk and 14th of July;1 on the 29th of August, when seven shillings were paid in the King's chapel there in alms,m and on the 30th of that month;" and again on the 3rd of November, on which day the same sum was offered at the altar in his Majesty's chapel there.0

It appears that Edward left Carlaverock Castle in the custody of Lord Clifford a few days after it surrendered, for on the 1/th of July he was at Loghroieton ;? that he proceeded to Kirkcudbright, Twynham, Flete, and Suthesk, and returned to it on the 29th of August ; that he quitted it for Holmcoltram before the 2nd of September, whence he went to Rose Castle, Carlisle, and Dumfries ; and that he came for the last time to Carlaverock on the 3rd of November, where he perhaps remained until the 10th of that month, as on the llth he is stated to have been at Carlisle.?

The Castle evidently continued in the possession of the English for several years. On the 1 2th May, 2 Edw. II. 1309, the Sheriffs of Somerset and Dorset were ordered to purchase, and send to Skinburness, 150 quarters of corn and the same quantity of malt, for the munition of the castles of Dumfries and Carlaverock ; ^ and on the 15th of December following Robert Lord Clifford was commanded to furnish the castles of Carlaverock, Dumfries, Dalswynton, and Thybres, with men and provi- sions, and all other necessaries for their defence ; and the Constables of them were respectively enjoined to defend them against the King's rebels and enemies, without any truce or sufferance whatever/ In 1312 Sir

i Liber Quotidianus Garderobae, page 272. k Ibid, pages 64-, 248.

1 Ibid, pages 79, 102. In the month of July the following entry occurs : " Ciphus argenti pond' iij marc' di' x st. precij xxft. ixs. vijd. Datur per Dominum J. de Drokenesford, nomine Regis, D'no Salvo dc Parma vcnienti ad Regem apud Karlaverok cum certificatione super creacione cujusdam Cardinalis, mense Julij." Page 339. m Ibid, pages 41, 68, 70, 174. n Ibid. page!38.

o Ibid, page 42. Other notices of Carlaverock will be found in pages 72, 82, 127.

p Ibid, page Ixviij. By a reference to page 42 of that work, it will be seen that, in this abstract, the King is erroneously said to have been at Carlaverock on the 1st of November.

q Rot. Scot. vol. I. r ibid.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. . XV11

Eustace tie Maxwell appears from the following document to have joined the English interest :

Pro Eustathio de Maxwelle et securitate castri sui cle Carlaverok.

R. clilecto clcrico suo Willielmo de Bevercotes, cancellario suo Scotie, salutem. Ut dilectu^ nobis Eustauthius cle Maxwelle, majorem et securiorem custodiam in castro suo de Carlaverok contra insidias Scotorum inimicorum nostrorum apponat, concessimus ei illas viginti et duas libras annuas quas nobis debet singulis annis ad scaccariam nostram Berewyci, de alba firma pro custodia , castri sui predict! in ejus subsidium, ad securam custodiam castri sui supradicti, ad voluntatem nos- tram. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Eustathio brevia nostra sibi super hoc sufficient!;! sine dilatione habere faciatis. T. R. apud Novum Castrum super Tynam xxx die Aprilis [1312]. Per ipsum Regem.8

It is uncertain how long Sir Eustace de Maxwell supported the invaders of his country, but it is unquestionable that he soon afterwards distinguished himself in the service of Robert Brus. The castle being again besieged by the English, he defended it for several weeks, and obliged them to retire, when, fearing, that it might ultimately fall into their hands, he demolished all its fortifications, for which generous sacrifice King Robert compensated him by the grant of an annual rent, " pro fractione castri de Carlaverok,"1 and moreover released him from the payment of s£32 sterling due to the crown from his lands." Sir Eustace died between 1340 and 134/, and his son, Sir Herbert Maxwell, in September in the year last mentioned, consented to swear fealty to Edward the Third ; about which time he received letters of safe conduct to attend a treaty at London with William de Bohun Earl of Northampton," the result of which is shown by the annexed document. It is also manifest from it, either that Sir Eustace Maxwell did not completely destroy Carlaverock Castle, or that his son had rebuilt it.

s Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 1 10.

t Wood's Douglas's " Peerage of Scotland," and Robertson's " Index of Records and Charters from 1309 to.l H3," p. 15.

u Robertson's " Index," p. 12. Grose says the sura remitted him and his heirs was ten pounds yearly. * Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 703.

e

Xviii HISTORY OF

Protectio pro Herberto Maxwell, Anglicato, et pro castro suo Carlaverok.

R. omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis tarn in Anglia quam in Scotia ad quos, &c. salutem. Sciatis quod, cum Herbertus de Maxwell nuper per amicabilem tractatum inter dilectum consanguineum et fidelem nostrum Willielmum de Bohun, comitem Northampton', et ipsum Herbertum de man- dato nostro habitum, idem Herbertus ad obedientiam et ligeantiam nostras gratis venit et certos obsides sufficientes ad castrum de Carlaverok quod in custodia sua existit in manus nostras red- dendum prefato comiti liberaverit : Nos provide volentes securitati ipsius Herberti providere, sus- cepimus ipsum Herbertum, ac omnes homines secum in munitione castri predicti existentes, ac dictum castrum, cum armaturis et victualibus ac aliis bonis et catallis in eodem existentibus, in pro- tectionem et defensionem nostram speciales. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ipsum Herbertum ac homines suos predictos manuteneatis protegatis et defendatis, non inferentes eis vel inferri per- mittentes injuriam molestiam dampnum aut gravamen. Et si quid eis forisfactum fuerit id eis sine dilacione faciatis emendari. Nolumus enim quod de armaturis victualibus ac bonis et catallis in castro predicto existentibus, seu de bladis feni, equis, carectis, cariagiis, victualibus, aut aliis bonis et catallis ipsius Herberti, aut hominum suorum predictorum, per ballivos seu ministros nostros aut alios quoscumque de Marchia Angliae, aut aliunde de obedientia nostra existentes, contra volun- tatem ipsius Herberti aut hominum suorum predictorum ad opus nostrum aut aliorum quicquam capiatur. In cujus, &c. per unum annum duratur. T. custode apud Glouces' quinto die Sep- tembris [21 Edw. III. 1347]. y

In 1355 the Castle is said to have been taken by Roger Kirkpatrick, and levelled with the ground ; z and on the death of Sir Herbert Maxwell without issue, the baronial lands of Carlaverock devolved, on his first cousin, Sir John Maxwell, and of which he was possessed in 137 1 : a his son, Sir Robert, is presumed to have erected the present castle. From the said Sir Robert Maxwell it has descended to its present possessor, William Constable Maxwell, of Everingham in Yorkshire, Esq. and which is shown by the following pedigree of the ancient family of Maxwell.

y Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 704 b.

z " Illic Donaldus Macdowel in ecclesia de Cummok fidelitatem Regi jurat ; et Rogerus Kirkpatricius totam terrain de Niddisdale ad idem induxit : arces de Dalswynton et Carlaverok de adversariorum ma- nibus eripuit, quas solo aequavit." Historia Majoris Britannia; tarn Anglia: quam Scotioe. Per Joannem Majorem, p. 248.

a Wood's Douglas's Peerage. See the pedigree.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE.

XIX

PEDIGREE OF THE ANCIENT FAMILY OF MAXWELL,

LORDS MAXWELL, HERRIES, ESKDALE, AND CARLEILE, AND EARLS OF NITHSDALE ; LORDS OF THE CASTLE AND BARONY OF CARLAVEROCK.

[From Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, edit. Wood, vol. II. pp. 311-13, eicepting where other authorities arc cited.]

MACCUS, son of UNWIN, attached himself to Earl David, and obtained lands from that Prince on=p the banks of the Tweed, which acquired from him the appellation of Macusville : he was one of the witnesses to the " Inquisitio Davidis," and to the charter of the foundation of the monastery of | Selkirk by King David.

HUGO DE MACCUSVILLE, eldest: son : was a witness to a donation from David I. to the monastery of Newbottle.

Edmund, 2nd son, witness to a perambulation and division of the lands of Mella.

" Liulph filius Maccus," 3rd son, witness to a charter of Malcolm IV. to the abbacy of Kelso, 1159.

HERBERT DE MACCUSVILLE, flourished under Malcolm IV. and William I. : =p was sheriff of the county of Roxburgh : ob. circa 1200.

Sir JOHN MACUSWELL, eldest son, was Sheriff of Roxburgh, and witnessed agreements^: of the Abbot and Convent of Kelso, 1203 and 1207: was one of the guarantees of the marriage treaty of Alexander II. and Joan of England, 15 June, 1220, and was present at their marriage at York, 18 June, 1221 : ACQUIRED THE BARONY OF CAULAVEROCK : he was constituted Great Chamberlain of Scotland 1231 : ob. 1241.

Robert de Macuswell.

EUMERUS DE MACUSWELL, of Carlaverock : was a witness to divers charters in: 1232, 1235, and 1239, Chamberlain of Scotland 1258, by which title he is de- signated in the agreement that Scotland should not make a separate peace with England without the consent of the Welsh ; and was Justiciary of Gal- loway. He was removed from the councils of Alexander III. by the King of England in 1255.

:MARY, daughter and heiress of Roland de Mearns : she brought to her husband the barony and castle of Mearns in Renfrewshire.

Sir HERBERT D MAXESWELL, I'ldost son, ob. ante 1300."

Sir John de Makeswell, 2nd son : he obtained from his father the barony of Nether Pollock in Renfrewshire, with other lands, and was ancestor of the Maxwells of Pollock ; of Calderwood ; and of Cardoness, Baronets ; of the Earls of Farnham in Ireland ; of the Maxwells of Park-hill, Newark, and of other families of that name. ,

• Sir Herbert de Maxwell sat in the parliament of Scone, 5th February, 128S-4, when the nobles agreed to recede Margaret of Norway as their sovereign in the event of the death of Alexander III.; was present in the assembly at Brigham, 19 March, 1889-90, when the marriage of Queen Margaret with Prince Edward was proposed ; was one of the nominees on the part of Robert Bruce, iu his competition for the crown of Scotland in H92 j swore fealty to Edward the First in 1S96' ; and he and a John de Maxwell received letters of credence concerning military service to he performed in parts beyond the sea, in July, 1297. (Palgrave's " Parliamentary Writs," Digest, p. 733.)

XX

HISTORY OF

Sir John de Makeswell, eldest son, swore fealty with his father to Edward I. in 1296. ob. s. P. and most probably be- fore his father.

Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, of; Carlaverock, 2nd son, made a donation of some lands to the monastery of Paisley in the lifetime of both his bro- thers, between 1273 and 1300, and a second dona- tion to the monastery about 1300, died before 1312.h

Sir EUSTACE MAX-=PHELEN MAXWELL, WELL, of Carlave- ; of the house of rock,eldestson,«died ; Maxwell of Pollok; before September, ; she survived her 1347.d • husband.

Alexander de Maxwell, wit- nessed a do- nation of his brother, Sir Herbert, to the monastery of Paisley.

JOHN DE MAXWELL, 2nd son : he is supposed to have suc-=p ceeded his nephew, Herbert de Maxwell, as his next heir. He possessed the estate of Pencaitland, and granted an annuity out of it to the monks of Dryburgh. Was one of the prisoners taken at the battle of Durham, 17 October, 1346, and died soon afterwards.

HERBERT DE MAXWELL, of Car- laverock, probably his son : he is considered to have died s. p.e

Sir JOHN MAXWELL, of Maxwell^CnRis- Eustace Maxwell, ob. and Carlaverock, died soon after TIAN. V.P. ; hisbrother John November, 1373.* became his heir.

Sir ROBERT DE MAXWELL, of Carlaverock, died=p about 1420.5 |

Agnes, married Robert Pollock, of Pollock.

b Rot. Scot. p. 110. His arms were, Argent, a sal tire, Sable.

c The castle of Cavlaverock having been besieged by the English, Sir Eustace Maxwell defended it for some weeks, and forced them to retire, but fearing that it might afterwards fall into their hands he dismantled and threw it down, in recompense of which service, " pro fractione castri de Caerlaverok," he obtained a grant of an annual rent from King Robert. He signed the letter to the Pope, asserting the independency of Scotland, on the 6th April, 1320 ; in which year he was tried for being concerned in the conspiracy of the Countess of Strathern against King Robert, but was acquitted. He received 300 marks out of a payment from Ed- ward III. to Edward Baliol, King of Scots, 24 March, 1336 ; and was a witness to a charter of Edward Baliol in 1340.

* Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 704 b.

• Herbert de Maxwell obtained from David II. a charter of discharge tf the duty of Carlaverock, and in September, 21 Edw. III. 1347, he received letters of protection for himself and his castle of Carlaverock. (Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 704 b.) His rebellion was punished by David II. who granted to Herbert Murray some lands in Lanarkshire which were forfeited by him.

' Sir John Maxwell confirmed a grant of his father to the abbacy of Dryburgh, in which lie calls himself, " son of the late John rle Maxwell, and heir of Eustace Maxwell his brother." He sat in the parliament at Edinburgh, 26 September, 1357, and received a safe conduct to go into England in 1365. Granted some lands, &c. to the monastery of Kilwinning for the health of his soul, and the soul of Christian his wife, which was confirmed by King David II. in 1367 j and obtained a grant of some forfeited lands, 1 1th November, 137:).

t Sir Ro'iert de M xwcll received letters of safe conduct to go into England, with six horses in his retinue, 5th December, 1363 ; again to visit the shrine of St. Thomas of Canterbury, 8th June, 1364; and logo abroad, 16th October, 1365. Obtained from Robert II. a charter dated 19 Sept. 1371, by the description of " Robert de Maxwell, son and heir of John de Maxwell, of Carlave- rock, Knt." of all the lands which the said Sir John held of the King in capite, and which he had resigned into his Majesty's hands on the preceding day, reserving the life-rent of the same to himself, and the terce to Christian his wife if she survived him. Gave lands to the monks of Dryburgh for the welfare of his soul and the soul of Herbert his son and heir. He was one of the Ambassadors to England in 1413.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE.

XXI

.Sir IlEitDERT=pMARGAKET, (hm.uiul heiress of Sir John

MAXWELL, of Carlaverock, eldest son.g

do Crapy, of Cragy in Linlithgow, widow of Sir Jolin Stewart. Charter from Robert Duke of Albany, 2.5th Oct. 1407.

Amerus de Maxwell, 2nd son ; called " fruter Hi-rberti," in a royal charter 14-21- 5.

Margaret, married Sir John de Mont- gomery, of Eglis- ham.

MAXWFLL, of Car-^=jANET, dau of Sir

laverock, eldest son ; ac- cording to a pedigree cited by Grose he was slain at 15an- nockburn in 1 M-8.'»

John Forrester, of Cottorphin, Cham- berlain of Scot- land.

Eustace Maxwell, of Tcaling, in Jaiut, married Forfartliirc, which lands he ac- William Dou- quired by his marriage with glas, of Drum- Mary, 3rd sister and coheiress of lanrig. Hugh Giflbrd, of Yester.

dau. of sir=pHEKBKRT MAXWELL, of Car-==KATHERiNE, eldest dau. of Sir William Seton, of

Herbert I Jerries, of Terregles ; 1st wife.

laverock. He is considered to have been the first Lord Maxwell.'

•dTs rd w |j,

Seton, and widow of Sir Alan Stewart, of Uarnley, >bo was killed in 1439, by whom she was mother of John 1st Earl of Lennox ; 2nd wife.''

ROBERT, 2nd Lord Max-^=jANET, dau. of George Crich- well, eldest son, was j ton, Earl of Caithness. The

great seal register, however, contains a charter, dated 25 May, 14-60, of lands to George Maxwell on the resignation of his mother " Janet, dau. of the deceased George Earl

served heir of his father, Herbert Lord Maxwell, 4th February, 1453; was guarantee of a truce with England, on the 1 1th June, 1457; again, 12th Sep-

tember, 1459 ; sat in par- liament as a peer 14th October, 1467.

of Caithness, wife of John Maxwell."

Sir Edward Maxwell, ofTinwald: obtained a charter of the ba- rony of Monreith, 15th Jan.l 481 -2. An- cestor of the Mai- wells of Monreith, Baronets.

Katherine, married Gilbert Lord Ken- nedy; they had a charter in 1450.

r i i i i i i

George Maxwell, ancestor of the Maxwells of Garnsalloch.

David.

Adam Maxwell, ancestor of the Maxwells of Southbar.

John Maxwell.

William Maxwell.

Janet. Mariot.

* Sir Herbert Maxwell was appointed Steward of Annandale by his kinsman, Archibald Earl of Douglas, Jth February, 1409-10; was granted lands in the Daruny of Dalswiutuo by Murdoc Duke of Albany, SSth October, 1420 ; obtained letters of safe conduct to go to Durham to .lames I. IS Dec. 1423 ; wan arrested with the Duke of Albany, 1425 ; Warden of the West Marches, 1430 and 1438 ; by the description of " Herbertus Dominus de Carlaverok," was one of the conservators of the truce with England, SOth March, 1438.

h Robert Maxwell obtained a charter of the lands of Liliertoun, in the Barony of Carnwath, from hit cousin Thomas de Somcr- ville, l>y the description of" Roberto de Maxwell, filio et heredi Domini Herbert! de Maxwell, Militis, Domini de Carlaverock, et Jonet.i', filioe Joannis Forstare, Domini de C'orstorphin," and to the heirs male of their bodies ; failing which, to Herbert, and tht heirs male of his body ; failing which, to Amerus de Maxwell, brother of Herbert, 13th Jan. 1424-5.

1 Herbert Muxwell was one of the guarantees of a treaty with the English, 15 Dec. 1430, when be was styled " Herbertus, Do- minus de Maxwell," and again in November, 1449 ; was one of the conservators ofa truce, with England, 14th August, 1451 ; again, i.l Ma", 1453, although according to the first edition of Douglas's Peerage he is said to hare died in October, 1453. Captain Rid- dell's MS. in the possession of Mr. Nichols, which will be again noticed, gives the following copy of this nobleman's accounts with the King's Exchequer for the Stcwartry of Annandale in 1452 :

" Computtim DTI. Herbert! Domini Maxwell Senescal. Vallis Annsmliir, redditum apud Stryvilin per Herbertum Maxwell, scil. dc« SSth mcnsis Novembris an Don). 1459, de omnibus debitis suis et expcnsis per firmas et exitu. Vallis suse, a die 26 mensis Junii an. Dom. 14-)!), usque in diem presentem, per trcs annns inte^ros ad terminos beati Martini ut infra computum. Imprimis, idem onerat >e de xxxvs. de primitiis terrarum dominicarum de Lowchmaben de dictis septero termiu'u infra computum Regi debitis, quia dicta? terra: se extendunt annuatim ad decem libras ; et de xxxvs. de firmis terrarum de Hetca et de Sroalhame per dictum imprimis computum debitis, quia de dictis terris debenlur d'no Regi annuatim deccm librae, et de xxxvs. de firmis piscari* de Annand d'no Regi, ptr tempus computi de dictis septem tcrminis, quia dicta piscaria auuuatim valet decem libr."

k The marriage of Kat'.ierine Seton with Herbert Maxwell, and her issue by him, are proved by a charter of lands in Dumfriesshire, dated 20th March, 1475-6.

XX11

HISTORY OF

JOHN, 3rd Lo well : slain at Field, 9th Se| 1513.1 JANET, dau.= of Sir Wil- liam Dou- glas, of Drumlanrig, died before September, 1529. 1	•d Max-= Flodden timber,	pAoNEs, dau. of Sir George Maxwell [query?]. Alexander Stewart, Thomas Maxwell, ances- of Garlics, living tor of the Maxwells of February, 1492. Kirkconnel."'	Janet, wife of John 1st Lord Carlyle of Tortherwald.
pRoBERT,=Ac,XE.s, natural dim. of James 4th Lord Karl of Buchan, widow of Maxwell, Adam, 2nd Earl of Bothwell. died 9th She had a charter of half July, of Carlaverock and Mernes 1546." from her husband Lord Max- well, 13th Nov. 1545, mar- ried before September, 1529: '2nd wife.	1 l Herbert Maxwell, 2nd son, ancestor of the Maxwells of Clowdon. Edward Maxwell, 3rd son, was taken prisoner at Solway in 1542, and released in the next yearon the payment of a ransom of sglOO.	i i i 1. Mary, married Sir John John- ston, ofjohnston. 2. Agnes, married KobertCharteris, of Amisfield. 3. Elizabeth, mar- ried . . Jardine, of Applegirth.

1 This nobleman, on the resignation of his father, received a charter dated 14 Feb. 1477-8, to John Maxwell, son and heir appa- rent of Robert Lord Maxwell, of the barony of Maxwell in Roxburghshire, Carlaverock in the county of Dumfries, and Mernys in Renfrewshire! he is mentioned in the records of parliament, 12 Dec. 1482, as the son and heir apparent of Robert Lord Maxwell ; Steward of Annandale, and was one of the Commissioners appointed to settle border differences by the treaty of Nottingham, 23rd September, 1484 ; was one of the Conservators of a truce for the West Marches, 3rd July, I486' ; obtained a charter of lands in Wodden to him and to Agnes Stewart his wife, 20th Feb. 1491-2 ; was one of the Commissioners to treat with England, 29th July, 1494 ; received grants of divers lands, Sth June, 1507, and 2nd March, 1507-8, from the King.

The following copy of an agreement of man-rent from the Murrays of Cockpool to this nobleman, is of some interest as a specimen of those curious deeds :

" Be it kende till all men be this p'nt 1'res, us Shyr Adam of Murraye, Thomas of Murraye son ande apperande ayr to Cuthbert of Murraye of Cockpool, Charlyss of Murrye and Cuthbert of Murrye young' sones to yc said Cuthbert off Murrye off Cockpuil, to be bundync and oblyst ande be thir p'nt 1'res ande ye faith and treuth in our bodies lelelye and treuly bjnds and obless us men ande servands in manrent and service to ane nobill and mychtie Lorde, John Lorde Maxwell, bay1 in peace ande wycr. Ande we sal be till him leill ande trew and neyde reqr his skay' nor see it hot wee sal let it at all cure gudlye power, and gif wee mayen not latt it wee sal wayrne hyme in all possibill hest. Ande gif he schawiss us his counsaill, or any ane off us, wee sail consult it, ande gif he asks at us any consale wee sail gif hyme the best at we can. Ande at wee sail tak an afauld upry' part wy' hyme in all his Icffull and honest actionis causes and querilliss wy' or kyne men and freynds at all or gudly pouer forst befor and againe all y' ciess or dee may als oft ass wee salbe chargit be ye saide Lorde or be ony uther in his name exerpe ande o' allegienss till or Sovracc Lorde the King allandlye for all ye dais oft oure life but fraude or guile. In witness heyr off to yis or bande oft maurent ande service lelely and trewlyle to be kepit in all poynts ande articles above exprimit. Becauss we had na seyll proper present of yer auyn saidc Shyr Adam Thomas of Murraye Cherlyss ande Cuthbert bass wy' the seill oft ane honourabell man Cuthbert Murraye of Cockpule brither to yc saide Shyr Adam and fadyr to y" saide Thomas Charlyss ande Cuthbrt to y's p'nt bande of manrent and service for us to be affixit at Carleverock y« xxvn daye of the monct of August yc zer of Gode a thousande CCCCLXXXVII zcrs befor yir witness Jamess Lymlessayne of Fairgirth, Thomas of Carruthers of yc Holmains, Thomas of Cairns of Orchertoane, Gavind of Murraylwaite, Styne S^ott, Herbert of Johnstonc, and Adam of Jonestone, wy' uthers many diverss."

™ Nisbett, in his Heraldry, vol. I. p. 446, says that Kirkconncll of that Ilk ended about 1421 in an heiress, Janet de Kirkconnell, who married Homer Maxwell, a second son of Herbert Lord Maxwell.

" Robert Lord Maxwell obtaiued a charter of lands in Dumfriesshire, 29th Nov. 1510; knighted and was constituted Steward of Annan- dale on his father's resignation, lotlijune, 1513; obtained divers forfeited lauds in 1516, 1526, 1528; to him and to Agnes Stewart, Countess of Bothwell, his wife, 29th Sept. 1529; 1530; 1532; to him and his said wife, 31st July, 1534 ; "f the Barony of Max- well, Carlaverock, and others, 28th July, 1534; to him and his said wife, 10th June, 1535; 1536; to him and his said wife, 12 June, 1541; was guardian of the West Marches, 7th Oct. 1517, and in June, 1540; was appointed a Commissioner of Regency, Tflth August, 1536; Bent as ambassador to France to negociate the marriage of James V. with Mary of Lorraine, in December, 1537 ; » cnaiter passed the great seal 6th June, 1540, of the lands and baronies of Maxwell, Carlaverock, ffcc. to him for life, remainder to Robert, Master of Maxwell, his son and heir apparent ; John, his second son ; Edward Maxwell, of Tynwall ; Edward Maxwell, of Lochruton; John Maxwell, of Cowhill ; Herbert Maxwell, brother german of the said Lord Maxwell; and Edward Maxwell, like- wise his brother german ; and the heirs male of their bodies respectively. Was constituted one of the extraordinary Lords of Session, 2nd July, 1541 ; taken prisoner at Solway in Nov. 1542, and ransomed Ut July, 1543, for 1000 marks.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE.

XX111

ROBERT, 5th Lord Maxwell,^ was served lieir of his father, 5th August, 1550; was one of the Commissioners to treat with the English, 8 May, 1551; died It September, 1552.

pBKATiux, '2nd dau. of James, !ird Earl of Mor- ton, mar. about, but after the 25th July, 1530.

Margaret, married, first, 9 April, 15 1-3, Archibald Earl of Angus ; secondly, Sir William Baillie, of Lamington.

Sir Jons =j MAXWELL, 5th Lord Merries, died before May, IfMtP

=A(iSES, eldest daughter and coheiress of William, 4th Lord Merries, of Terregies.

JOHN, 6th: Lord Maxwell, a posthu- mous son, slain De- cember 7th, 1593.P

ELIZABETH, 2nd dau. of David Dou- glas, 7th Earl of Ang\is,mar.inl572. She mar. secondly, John Wallace, of C'raigie, as appears by a charter dated 5th Aug. 1598, and died at Edinburgh, in Feb. 1637 ; bur. at Lincluden.

WILLIAM MAX-: WELL, 6th Lord Herries, was in- feft as heir of his father in May, 1594, and died 10th Octo- ber, 1604.

:KATHE- James Maxwell, of Brnchinside, 2nd RINE, son. ^. For his issue see Wood's

sister of Douglas's Peerage, vol. II. p. 319. Mark 1. Elizabeth, married in 1563 Sir John

Kerr, Gordon, of Lochinvar. ^

first Earl 2. Margaret, married Mark, first Earl of Lo- of Lothian. ^~

thian. 3. Mary, married William, 6th Lord

Hay of Yester. She had a charter from him 24th Feb. 1590-1. -f, 4. Grizel. mar. Sir Thomas Maclellan, of Bombie, and was mother of tin- first Lord Kirkcudbright.

• Sir John Maxwell, by the description of " John Master of Maxwell," he being then presumptive heir of Robert fifth Lor.l Max- well, obtained a charter dated 1st February, 1549-50, to himself and Agnes his wife, one of the three daughters and coheirs of Wil- liam Lord Berries, of one-third of Terregies and other lands. Whilst guardian of the West Marches he was one of the Commis- sioners to treat of peace with the English, .9 Dec. 1552; was one of the ambassadors sent from the Lords of the Congregation in Feb. 1560, to arrange a treaty with the Duke of Norfolk ; and concluded another treaty with the English, 23 Sept. 1563 ; obtained charters of various lands to himself and his said wife, 22 May, 1561 ; the barony of Terregies and others were erected of new into a lordship and barony, and granted to him and Agnes bis wife by royal charter, 8th May, 1 566 ; sat in parliament as Lord Merries, 1 3th April, 1 567, on which day the Queen of Scotland, in reward of his services for twenty-two years as Warden of the West Marches, confirmed to him and Agnes Herries his wife, a charter and infeftrncnt of the baronies of Terregies and Kirkgunzean of the 8th May, 156G, to them and the heirs male of their bodies, failing which to his nearest and lawful heirs male whatsoever. He was at the battle of Lang- side on the part of the Queen in May, I.'.US ; and was forfeited in parliament, 19 August, 1568, but sentence was deferred; he was one of the Commissioners nominated on the part of Mary in September, 1568 ; and in April, 1569. was committed a prisoner to Edin- burgh castle, but was soon afterwards released, and continued an active adherent to the Queen ; obtained a charter of lands in Kirk- cudbright, lit October, 1572 ; was sent to require Morton to resign the regency in March, 1578.

In Captain Riddell's MS. the subjoined copy is inserted of a speech delivered by this nobleman " in the presence of Elizabeth Queen of England," and transcribed " from the original preserved in the archives of the family of Nithsdale :"

" Madam, — The Queen my mistress, who is nothing subject to you, but by misfortune, doth desire you to consider that it is an work of an evil example and most pernicious consequence to give way that her rebellious subjects should be heard against her, who being not able to destroy her by arms, do promise themselves to assassinate her, even in your own breast, under colour of justice. Madam, consider the estate of worldly affairs, and bear some compassion to the calamities of your poor suppliant, after the most liorried attempt on the King her husband, the murder of his servants, the cruel designings on her sacred person, after so many prisons and chains, the subjects are heard against their Queen, the rebels against their lawful! mistris, the guilty against the innocent, and the felons against their judge. Where are we, or what do we do ? Though Nature hath planted us in the farthest parts and the extremities of all the earth, yet she hath not taken the sense of humanity from us. Consider she is your own blood, your nearest kinswoman, she is one of the best of Queens in the world, for whom your Majesty is preparing bloody scaffolds in a place where she was promised and expected greatest favours. I want words to express so barbarous a deed, but I am ready to come to the effects, and to justify the innocence of my Queen by witnesses unrcproachable, and by papers written and subscribed by the hands of the accusers. If this will not suffice, I offer myself, by your Majesty's permission, to fight hand to hand, for the honour of my Queen, against tl.e must hardy and most resolat of those who are her accusers. In this I do assure myself of your equity, that you will not deny that favour unto her who acknowledge herself obliged to your bounty."

' John Lord Maxwell was served heir of his father, 24 May, 1 56!) ; with consent of his curators granted a charter of the lands of Mantles, Carlavcrock, S.c. 4th Feb. 1571-2, to Elizabeth, sister of Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, in her virginity, for the

XXIV

HISTORY OF

Jons, 7th Lord Max-	ROBERT, =pKLiz A BETH,	2. Agnes,	-\ i	— i — i 1. Sarah, married, first,
well, eldest son, was	8th Lord	daughter of	married	ZA-	MAX-	Sir James Johnston, of
served heir male of his	Max-	Sir Francis	William	liF.TII,	WELL,	Johnston, who was kill-
father, llth Apr. 1601,	well,	Beaumont,	Douglas,	eldest	7th	ed by Lord Maxwell
13 Sept. 1603, and 19	died in	and a near	of Pen-	d i. ligh-	Lord	in 1608 ; Sndly, John,
Sept. 1604; married	May,	relation of	zie.	ter.	Her-	1st Earl of Wigton ;
Margaret, only dau. of		George Vil-	3. Marga-		ries,	Srdly, Hugh Montgo-
John, first Marquess of		liers, Duke	ret, mar-		only	mery, Viscount of Airds
Hamilton: hekilledSir		of Bucking-	riedHugh		son,	in Ireland ; buried 29th
James Johnston, 6th		ham.	Wallace,		died	March, 1636.
April, 1608, in a feud,			of Crai-		about	2. Margaret, married
for which he was tried,			gie.		1627.r	Robert Glendonwyn,
and beheaded at the						of Glendonwyn : mar-
cross of Edinburgh, 21						riage contract dated
May, 1613, died s. r.		<r				14 Jan. 1605.

matrimony to he contracted between them ; obtained charters of various lands in 1 573, 1 674, and 1 58 1 ; on the execution and attainder of the Regeut Morton, he, as representative of his mother, obtained a charter of the eaildum, barony, and regality of Moiton, of new erected into the Earldom of Morton, 5th June, 1581, and which was ratified with consent of parliament, 19th Nov. 1581, but the attainder being rescinded, he was deprived of that title in January, 1585 ; was guardian of the West Marches, but being deprived of it, a feud commenced between him and the Laird of Johnston to whom it was grunted, and though restored to that office the ani- mosity continued, and he was killed in an engagement with the Johnstons on the 7th Dec. 1593, " when, being a tall man, and heavy with armour, he was struck from his horse and dispatched ;" buried at Lincludeu. The following account of this affair occurs in Captain Riddell's MS.

" The Laird of Johnstone, Warden of the West Marches, opposed Lord Maxwell in his being re-elected Provost of Dumfries ; but Lord Maxwell, with his numerous and armed friends, preoccupying the town on the day of election, had himself continued Provost of Dumfries. Upon this, complaint being lodged against Lord Maxwell at court, where he was out of favour, and being in vain commanded to present some of the Armstrongs for whom he was bound, he was denounced a rebel, and the Laird of Johnstone had orders to pursue him, some soldiers, well officered, being sent to his assistance ; but these ere they joined him were defeated by Lord Maxwell's bastard brother. To revenge this, Johnstone carried fire and sword into the territories of the Maxwells, which they repaying, a destructive war was carried on by the two clans, until the Laird of Johnstone was taken j risouer, when he soon died of grief for his disaster. Lord Maxwell fled to Spain to let the storm blow over. When he returned, the King determined to march against him, for Lord Maxwell had many alliances on the West Border, and the broken men of the Border had repaired to him in Mich numbers that the Warden [then the Lord Herrics] was unable to contend with him. Upon the King's approach Lord Max- well fled to Galloway, and the houses of Langholm, Thrieve, and Carlaverock surrendered to his Majesty. Lochmaben only re- •isted till a train of artillery was brought from Cumberland, when the garrison capitulated for life, from which the Governor was excepted. His name was Maxwell ; he having refused to deliver the castle to the King in person, he was shown no mercy. Castle Milk and Morton Castle James ordered to be burned, and he ordered Sir William Stewart to bring him Maxwell dead or alive, who pursued Lord Maxwell from Kirkcudbright to the Isle of Sky, and from thence to Carrick j he seized him in a cave near the Abbey of Coxcraqwel, and carried him to the King at Edinburgh, who afterwards pardoned him on hi:, giving bond not to disturb the esta- blished religion on pain ofj£l()0,000 sterling. He was again appointed Warden; for some of the name of Johnstone having, ia July, 1590, committed great depredations in the barony of Sanquhar and Drumlaurig, and killed many who pursued to recover the booty, Lord Maxwell, the Warden, was commissioned to pursue the plunderers with the utmost hostility. But not long before the

Laird

i Robert Lord Maxwell was restored to the title and estates, of his family by letter under the great seal, 13 Oct. 1618, and was served heir of his brother 13 July, 1C1S). Created Earl of Nithsdale, Lord Maxwell, Eskdale, and Carlyle, by patent, dated at Farnham, 20th August, 1640. to him, " suosque hreredcs masculos," with precedency from the 29th October, 1581, the date of the charter of the earldom of Morton to his father. Was appointed a Commissioner to obtain an unconditional surrender of tithes by Charles I. in 1625 ; was, on the 1 1th May, 1630, served heir in general of John Lord Maxwell, abavi, and Robert Lord Maxwell proavi. He joined Montrose in 1644, for which he was excommunicated by the general assembly.

' John Maxwell, 7th Lord Herries, was served heir of his father, 26th Jan. and 26 Dec. 1604 ; and of his grandfather, John Lord Herrics, 2oth Jan. 1609. and 28th Oct. 1617; obtained a charter ofTrailtrow, 31st May, 1610 ; and of Craigley. 5th Jan. 1611.

CAHLAVEROCK CASTLE.

XXV

ROBERT, 2nd Earl Elizabeth Maxwell, JOHN MAXWELL, 8th=;=ELizABETH, eldest dau. Elizabeth,

of Nithsdale, and died unmarried in Lord Herries, only

9th Lord Maxwell, only son, diedunm. in October, 1667. s was in that town. dale 1667, ob

1623, at Dumfries, son,t succeeded as when the plague third Earl of Niths-

of Sir Robert Gordon, married

of Lochinvar, Bart, sis- George, 2nd

ter of the first Viscount Earl of Win-

Kenmure. toun. ,-•*

ROBERT MAXWELL, fourth==LucY, 8th dau. of Wil- Earl of Nithsdale, &c. eldest I liain, first Marquess of son, died in March, 1695. I Douglas.

John Maxwell, 2nd son, and William Max- well, 3rd son, both of whom appear to have died issueless.

WILLIAM MAXWELL, fifth Earl of Nithsdale, &c.=pWiNiFRED, youngest dau. of William Herbert, first only son, died at Rome, 20th March, 1744." j Marquess of Powis; she died at Rome in 1749."

I

Laird of Jolmstone had contracted an intimate friendship with hi> Lordship, and had exchanged bonds of man-rent for their mutual defence. Lord Sanquhar and Drumlanrig, knowing how ambitious Lord Maxwell was of being followed, offered him their services, which be eagerly accepted, as he thought this an opportunity not to be omitted for rendering all Nithsdale dependent on him. Ac- cordingly a mutual obligation was signed by them and many in their friendship. This, however, was not kept so secret as it ought to have been. One Johnstone, who served the Warden, carried it to his chief, who, although he was startled with this double dealing of Lord Maxwell, resolved to dissemble his knowledge of it, and only to ask the Warden if the report of his entering into such an engagement was true. Lord Maxwell at first denied ; but missing the bond, he excused the matter, as be was obliged to obey the King, and to do as he was directed. Johnstone now knowing what ho had to expect, associated with the Scotts of Tiviotdale, and the Elliots and Grahams of the Esk ; and, hearing that Lord Maxwell had levied a considerable force, part of which he had garrisoned Lochmaben with, till he himself could come there, be resolved to prevent him, and cut them off. This he executed with a bar- barous precipitation. The Lord Maxwell, to repair this disgrace, entered Annandale with banners displayed, as the King's Lieute- nant, followed by two thousand desperadoes, resolving to raze the houses of Lockwood and Lockerby. Johnstone being inferior in numbers, kept aloof, and detached some prickers only, in the Border way, to watch opportunities. These performed their orders to effectually that they forced back a party who came to attack them with such precipitancy that they even broke their main body. This Johnstone observing, completed their confusion by a furious onset; and in the flight, the Warden, being a heavy man and loaded with armour, was struck from his horse, and unmercifully murdered. This happened in Dec. 1593."

. • Robert second Earl of Nithsdale was excommunicated by the General Assembly, 26th

/T\ April, 1644, and was in the same year taken prisoner when Newcastle was stormed by the Scot-

\/ tish army. On the 3rd February an act was passed restoring him against his father's forfeiture.

He was commonly called the Philosopher.

' John Maxwell, eighth Lord Herries, was excommunicated by the General Assembly, S6th April, 1644, for joining Montrose; and was proposed to be excepted from pardon by the articles of Westminster in July, 1 646. He succeeded to the titles of Earl of Nithsdale and Lord Maxwell, &c. and to the family estates, on the death of his kinsman, Robert Earl of Nithsdale, &c. in October, 1667, to whom he was served heir male and of entail, 6th April, 1670, " proavi fratris immediate scnioris," in his estates in several counties.

" William Maxwell, fifth Earl of Nithsdale, &c. was served heir male and of line and entail of his father, 36 May, 1696 ; and heir male and of entail of Robert Earl of Nithsdale, " vulgo nuncupat' le Philosopher, pronepotis quondam Robert! Domini Maxwell, fratris immediate senioris quondam Joaunis Domini Herries, proavi quondam Joannis Domini Herries postea Comes de Nithsdale, qui fuit frater nuper Robert! Comitis de Nithsdale patris WUIielmi, nunc Comitis de Nithsdale pronepotis fratris tritavi," 19th May, 1698. Having engaged in the rebellion in 1715, he was taken at Preston on the 14th Nov. in that year, and sent to the Tower of London ; was tried and found guilty in January, 1716, and was sentenced to be ex- ecuted, with the Earl of Derwentwater and Viscount Kenmure, on the S4th Feb. 1716: by the heroism of his wife he, however, effected his escape. By his attainder all his honours became forfeited ; but, liaving disponed his estates to his son in Nov. 1712, they were preserved from forfeiture. The arms of this nobleman were, Argent, an eagle displayed Sable, beaked nnd membcred Gules, surmounted by an escutcheon of the First, charged with a saltire of the Second, and surcharged in the centre with a hedgehog Or. His crest: a stag Proper, attired Argent, couchant before a holly bush Proper. His supporters; two stags Proper, attired Argent : and his motto j " Reviresco." 1 See the next pge.

g

XXVI

HISTORY OF

JOHN MAXWELL, son and heir, succeeded to=pKATHERiNE, fourth dau. of

his father's estates on his death in 1744, and assumed the title of Earl of Nithsdale. He died at London, 4-th August, 1776.

Charles Stewart, 4th Earl of Traquair. She died at Lon- don, 6th March, 1773.

Anne, married John Lord Bellew, of Ire- land, at Rome in De- cember, 1731.

MARY MAXWELL, eldest dau. and coheiress, died at Terregles, unmar- ried, 31 December, 1747, an. 15.

WINIFRED MAXWELL, 2nd dau.=pWiLLiAM HAGGERSTON CONSTABLE, of Ever-

inpham Park, second son of Sir Carnaby Hag-

and eventually sole heiress, suc- ceeded to all her father's estates, including CARLAVEROCK ; mar. at Terregles, 17 Oct. 1758; died at Terregles, 13 July, 1801,8=1.66.

gerston, of Haggerston, in the Bishopric of Durham, Bart. He assumed the name and arms of MAXWELL, and died at Terregles, 20th June, 1797.

MARMADUKE WIL-= LI AM HAGGEHSTON MAXWELL CONSTA- BLE, born 2nd Jan. 1760, assumed the name of MAXWELL, and succeeded to CARLAVEKOCK and the other estates of that family, married 26th Nov. 1800, died 30th June, 1819.

THERESA APPOLO- NiA,dau.of Edmund Wakeman, Esq. bro- ther of William Wakeman, ofBeckford Place, in Worcester- shire, Esq.

Charles Haggerston Constable, 3rd and youngest son, assumed the name and arms of Stanley only, of Ackham; mar- ried, first, in Sept. 1793, Elizabeth, sister and heiress of Sir William Stan- ley, of Hooton in Cheshire, who died in 1792, died at London, 23 June, 1797; 2ndly, Miss Macdonald, mar. at York, 24 Feb. 1800.

Mary, mar. 24 June, 1794, John Webb Weston.of Sutton Place in Surrey, Esq. who died s. p. She living Jan. 1828.

Theresa, unmarried.

William = Hagger- ston Con- stable,2nd son, assu- med the name of MIDDEL- TON, of Stockeld Park, in Yorkshire, Esq.

:Clara Louisa, only dau. ofVVilliam Grace, Esq. and aunt of the pre- sent Sir William . Grace, Bart.

WILLIAM 2. Marmaduke Constable CONSTA- Maxwell, of Terregles,

BLEMAX- co. Dumfries, Esq. born 1

WELL, of Jan. 1806. Evering- 3. Peter Constable Max- ham Park well, born 7th Feb. 1807. in York- 4. Henry Constable Max- shire, well,ofMilnhead,co.Dum- Esq. fries, born 28th Dec.1810. Present 5. Joseph Constable Max- LORD OF well, born 27th Oct. 1811. CARLA- Mary, married, 1st May, VEROCK, 1821, Hon. Chas. Lang- eldestson, dale, 4th son of Charles, born 25th 16th Lord Stourton. August, Theresa, m. Jan. 15, 1822, 1804.y Hon. Chas. Clifford, 2nd son of Charles, 7th Lord Clifford of Chudleigh. Ann, born 17th March, 1808,diedl5thJune,1811.

Peter Middelton, of Stockeld Park, in Yorkshire, Esq. eld- est son ; married Hon.Juliana, daugh- ter of Charles, 16th Lord Stourton.

Francis Middelton, Esq. 2nd son ; mar- ried Alice, daughter and coheiress of James Taylor, of the county of Lan- caster, Esq.

Ann, died unmarried, 30th Dec. 1826.

Barbara Clara Mid- delton.

1 A circumstantial and most interesting narrative of the escape of the Earl of Nithsdale, from the pen of his Countess, in a letter to her sister Lady Lucy Herbert, was printed in the first volume of the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and some other publications. It has lately been beautifully printed, from a MS. in the possession of Lord Arundel, with illustrative notes and a pedigree, by Sheffield Grace, of Lincoln'« Inn, Esq. brother of Sir William Grace, Bart.

' The arms of this gentleman are, 1st and 4th, Argent, an eagle displayed Sable, beaked and membered Gules, surmounted by an escutcheon of the First charged with a saltire of the Second, and surcharged in the centre with a hedgehog Or: MAXWELL. 2nd, Barry of six Or ai.d Azure : CONSTABLE. 3rd, Azure, on a bend cotised Argent three billets Sable, a crescent for difference : HAGGERSTON.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XXV11

The little which is known of the history of the Castle after the reign of Edward the Third is detailed in the following narrative of Grose :

" This Castle again experienced the miseries of war,z being, according to Camden, in his Annals, in the month of August, 15/0, ruined by the Earl of Sussex, who was sent with an English army to support King James VI. after the murder of the Regent. The same author, in his Britannia, written about 1607, calls it a weak house of the Barons of Maxwell, whence it is probable that only the fortifications of this Castle were demolished by Sussex ; or that, if the whole was destroyed, only the mansion was rebuilt.

" The fortifications of this place were, it is said, once more reinstated by Robert, the first Earl of Nithsdale, in the year 1638 ; and, during the troubles under Charles I., its owner nobly supported the cause of royalty, in which he expended his whole fortune ; nor did he lay down his arms till he, in 1640, received the King's letters, directing and authorizing him to deliver up the castles of Thrieve and Carlaverock upon the best condi- tions he could obtain ; in both which castles the Earl maintained con- siderable garrisons at his own expense ; namely, in Carlaverock an hun- dred, and in Thrieve eighty men, besides officers. The ordnance, arms, ammunition, and victuals, were also provided at his cost.

" The following particulars respecting the articles of capitulation, and furniture left in this castle, are copied from a curious manuscript in the possession of Captain Riddell.

z In a letter from the Earl of Hertford to Lord Wharton and Sir Robert Bowes, April 1544, the Earl desires them to send " Patie Grayme or other trustie and wise felowe, under colour of some other mes-- sage, for to view the castles of Lowmaban, Tress, Carlavroke, and Langholme, being within the rule and custodie of Robert Maxwell," as the King wished " to knowe the strength and scitualions" of them, " whether the same, or any of them, stonde in such sorte, and be of such strength, as, if they were in the King's Majesties hands, they might be kept and holden aynenst the enemyes." In case either of them was tenable, the said messenger was to " ernestly travaile with Robert Maxwell for the delyverie of the same into his Majestie's hands, if with money and rewarde, or other large oflers, the same may be obtayned ;" and Lord Wharton and Mr. Bowes were further instructed, as opportunities might be given them, " to feale the mynde and inclination of the said Robert Maxwell in the same." Hayne's Burleigh Papers, pp. 27-8.

XXVlil HISTORY OF

" Copy of the Capitulation between the Earl of Nithsdale and Colonel Home, at Dumfries, the 1st

day of October, 1640.

" The q'lk day, p'ns of the Committee of Nithsdale, residing at Dumfries, compeared Lieute- nant-Colonel Home, and gave in and produced the articles of capitulation past betwixt Robert Earl of Nithsdale and the said Lieutenant-Colonel, at the Castle of Carlaverock, the 26th day of September last by past, and desired the said articles to be insert and registrate in the bukes of the said Committee, and that the extract yrof might be patent to any party havand interest, and the principal articles re-delivered to him, q'lk the said Committee thought reasonable ; of the q'lk articles the tenor follows, viz.

" Articles condescended upon betwixt the Earl of Nithsdale and Lieutenant-Colonel Home, the 26th day of September, 1640, at the Castle of Carlaverock.

" For the first article it is condescended on that for my Lord, his friends, and followers, that there shall no other course be taken with him and them in their religion, than with others of his and their professions.

" Wheras it is desired be my Lord, that he, his friends, and followers, be no farther trouble in their persons, houses, and estates, house guides therein, then according to the common course of the Kingdom ; it it is agreed unto, that no other course shall be taken with him and his foresaids, then with others of his and their professions.

" Wheras it is desired he and they may sorte out with bag and baggage ; it is agreed, that he, his friends, and followers, and soldiers, with each of them their arms and shotte, with all their bag and baggage, trunks, household stuff, belonging on their honour and credit to his Lordship and them, w* safe conduct to Langholm, or any other place within Nithsdale, is granted.

" Wheras it is desired be my Lord, that guides intromitt with, belonging to his Lordship's friends and followers, restitution thereof be made ; it is agreed to, what course shall be taken with others of his and yr condition, shall be taken with him and them.

" It is condescended upon be my Lord, tokened the burden on him for himself, his friends, and followers, that he nor they sail not hi any time coming, tack arms in prejudice of this kingdom, nor shall have any intelligence with any prejudice thereof, upon their honour and credit.

" It is condescended on be my Lord, and his friends, and followers, that they sail contribute and do every thing lying incumbent on them, according to the general course of the kingdom.

" Lastly, it is condescended on be my Lord, his friends, and followers, that he and they sail deliver up the house and fortalice of Carlaverock to Lieutenant-Colonel Home, w' the cannon, superplus of ammunition, and other provisions ; and that he shall remove himself, officers, and whole garrison and followers, out of the said castle and fortalice.

" And this his Lordship obliest himself and his to perform upon his honour and credit, betwixt this and the 29th day of September instant, 1640.

(Sic subscribitur,) NITHSDALE. JO'N HOME.

" This is the just copy of the said articles of capitulation, extract forth of the Books of the said Committee, by me, Mr. Cuthbert Cunninghame, notter clerk yrof undescribing.

(Signed,) CUTHBEKT CUNNINGHAME, Clerk.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XXIX

" A note of such things as were left in the house of Carlaverock at my Lord's departure,

in the year of God, 1640.

" Imprimis, in the wine sellar, 4 barrels of seake. Item, in the other seller, 3 hogsheads of French wine, and an iron grate. Item, more, 30 bolls of meal. Item, in the end of die kitchen, 2 barrels of herring. Item, in the high wardrop, 1 locked trunk, and three timber beds, and 1 iron window. Mare, 1 stoller, 1 old katell, and 2 picks and a moald. Item, up high, four cubards and a crucifix. Mare, in the warehouse, an crokpin. Item, in chamber, a cubard. In my Lord Maxwell's chamber, two beds and a cubard, and a locked chest, and another chest. The outer room, two trunks and a bed, and a great tow. Mare, in the musket chamber, a bed and a belows : in the turnpike a cupbord. Mare, in the new wardrope, 3 beds. Item, in the master's chamber a bed and a cupbord. Mare, in the damask bed chamber, a bed, and acupbord, and a targe, and a fire chuvell. Item, in the kitchen, a chimney and grate, and a pair of long raxes. In the new hall, a leid, and a masken fatt, and a study, and a pair of bellies. Item, in the long hall, 6 cases of windows, with 22 pikes, 13 lancies, and 2 sakes of white stules. Item, mare in Sander's cham- ber, 4 beds. Mare, in my Lord's hall, 2 burds and 6 turkies-fowls. Item, mare in the round chamber, without my Lord's chamber, 5 feder beds, 9 bolsters, 4 cods, 5 pair of blankets, and 4

rugs, 6 pieces of buckram, with my Lord's arms, and 2 and another bed with black fring

and a painted brods, a cuburd, 9 stooles covered with cloth of silver, 2 great chairs of silver cloth ;

mare, a green caniby bed ; mare, a sumber cloth ; mare, 3 great and little , and 4 stoles,

and a long coussin, all of black and white stuff; mare, 4 stooles and 2 chairs, coveret with brune cloth passemenlet yealow ; mare, a great locke and a wauroke net ; mare, there is one great chair, 4 stules coveret reid with black passment ; mare, 22 curtain rods, a trunk locked full, and 2 of virginals ; mare, in the drawing room, a brace of iron and canaby bed, with a fender, bed, and a bolster, and 3 tronks locket, a Turky stule, and a rich work stule, and ane old chair, with a cod nailed on ; mare, a frame of a chair. Item, in fire house, is 7 covers of Turkey work for stules, and a coffer, 2 chests, 15 chamber pots, 5 pots for easements, a mortar and a pistol, a brazen pot, a brazen ladle, a bed pan, 4 wine sellers, a little chopin pot, and my Lord and my Ladies pic- tures ; mare, a chest, with some glasses, and 5 fedder beds, 5 bolsters, 3 char pots, 2 red window curtings ; mare, there is in the dining room before my Lady's chamber, a burd, and a falling bed,

2 Turkey stooles, a blue on the case of the knock ; mare, in my Lord's chamber there is

a bed furnished of damask, and lead our with gold lace ; mare, there is 2 chairs, and 3 stools of damask, and a ciiburd, and a carpet, and a chair coveret with brune cloth, and a chamber all hanged, a water pot, a tongs and bellies, 1 knoke, 28 muskets, 28 handlers, and 2 2-handed swords, and 9 collers for deggers; mare, in Conheathe's chamber, a bed, and cuburd, and sundries ; mare, in the ould house, 38 spades of iron.

" This is the true inventory of the goods left in Carlaverock, taken there be Ardiur M'Machan and William Sleath; there was one locked trunk in the high wardrop, which was full of men's cloaths ; and in that great trunk which was mentioned to be in the round chamber, there was a great wrought bed, a suit of cloaths of silver, chairs and stools to be made up, and an embroidered cannabic of grey sattin to be made up too ; as for the other trunks, which were left in the open

h

XXX HISTORY OF

rooms, it cannot be remembered in particular what was left into them ; and that this is all true

we underwritten can witness,

(Signed,) WILLIAM WOOD, witness.

WILLIAM MAXWELL, witness. THOMAS MAXWELL, witness.

" A note of the household stuff intromitten with by Lieutenant-colonel Home of Carlaverock.

" Imprimis. He has intromitten with five suit of hangings, there being eight pieces in every suit, the price of every suit overheid estimate threescore pounds sterling.

" Item. Has intromitten with five beddies, twa of silk and three of cloth, every bed consisting

of five coverings, course rugs, three over ballens, and ane long , with masse silk fringes

of half quarter deep, and ane counter pont of the same stuff, all laid with braid silk lace, and a small fringe about, with chairs and stools answerable, laid with lace and fringe, with feather bed and bolster, blankets and rug, pillers, and bedsteid of timber answerable ; every bed estimate to be worth an hundred and ten pounds sterling.

" Item. He was intromitten with ten lesser bedies, qrof four are cloth cortens, and six with stuff orferge, every bed furnished with bottoms, vallens, and testers, fedder bed, bolster, rugge, blankets, and pillows, and bedsteid of timber answerable ; every bed estimate to fifteen pounds sterling overheid.

" Item. He has intromitten with seventy other beds for servants, consisting of fether bed, bol- ster, rug, blankets, and estimate to seven pound sterling a-piece.

" Item. He has intromitten with forty carpets, estimate overheid to forty shillings sterling a-piece.

" Item. He has intromitten with the furniture of ane drawing room of cloth of silver, con- sisting of an entire bed cobbert and six stools, all with silk and silver fringe, estimate

to one hundred pounds sterl.

" Item. He has intromitted with twa dozen of chairs and stools covered with red velvet, with fringes of crimson silk and guilt nails, estimate to threescore pounds sterling.

'; Item. He has intromitten with five dozen of Turkey work chairs and stools, every chair esti- mate to fifteen shillings sterling, and every stool to nine shillings sterling.

" Item. He has intromitten with an library of books, qlk stood my Lord to twa hundred pounds sterling.

" Item. He has intromitten with twa ope truncks full of Holland shirts, and pillabers, and

dorock damask table cloths, and gallons, and towells, to the number of forty pair

of shittes or thereby, and seventy stand of neprey, every pair of sheets consisting of 7 ells of cloth, at six shillings sterling the ell, amounts to ,£5. 2s. sterling the pair. Inde .£704 sterling.

" Item, the stand of neprey, consisting of ane table cloth, of twa dozen napkins, twa long towells, estimate to xx pound ster.

" Item. He has intromitten with an knock that stands upon ane table, estimate to xx pound sterling.

CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XXXI

" Item. He has suffered his followers to spoil me ane coach of the furniture qlk

stood me fifty pounds sterling.

" Item. He has intromitten with other twa trunks full of course sheets and neprie, to the

number of forty pair or thereby of sheets, and twenty stand of coarse neprie or

thereby ; the pair of sheets and the furniture consisting of twelve ells, at half a crown an ell, amounts threttie shillings sterling the pair. Inde vu and xx pound.

" Item. The stand of neprie, consisting of table cloth, twa do/en of nepkins, and ane towell, estimate to the stand. Inde

" Item. He has intromitten with an trunk full of suits of apparel, qrof there was eight suits of apparell or thereby, some of velvet, some of saten, and some of cloth, every suit consisting of

cloaths, bricks, and close dublets with velvet, estimate at the suit. Inde

ii — viij — iiij lib."

" To this and other complaints of a breach of the articles of capitulation, Col. Home, among various excuses, answered that what he did was by order of the Committee of Estates ; by whose particular directions this place was demolished, on their being informed that the Earl's officers and soldiers had broken their parole, and were then actually in arms.

" This castle, like the old one, is triangular, and surrounded by a wet ditch ; it had a large round tower on each angle ; that on the east is de- molished; that on the western angle is called Murdoc's tower, from Murdoc Duke of Albany having been confined there, as has been before mentioned. The entrance into the castle yard lies through a gate on the northernmost angle, machicollated, and flanked by two circular towers. Over the arch of the gate is the crest of the Maxwells, with the date of the last repairs, and this motto, " i BID YE FAIR." The residence of the family was on the east side, which measures 123 feet. It is elegantly built, in the style of James VI. It has three stories, the doors and win- dow cases handsomely adorned with sculpture ; over those of the ground floor are the coats of arms and initials of the Maxwells, and the different branches of that family ; over the windows of the second story are repre- sentations of legendary tales ; and over the third, fables from Ovid's Metamorphoses ; in the front is a handsome door case leading to the great hall, which is 91 feet by 26.

" At a considerable distance towards the north-east of the area on which the castle stands, and near the farm-house, is a handsome gate of squared stone, having a circular arch."

XXX11 HISTORY OF CARLAVEROCK CASTLE.

Several views of the remains of the second castle occur in that work, and others will also be found in Pennant's " Tour in Scotland," in Cardonnel's " Picturesque Antiquities of Scotland," and in Daniell's " Voyage round Great Britain." Mr. Pennant evidently considered the castle of which he speaks as the one which was besieged in 1300.

A MS. account of Carlaverock, by Captain Riddell, in 1/87, thus describes the present building.

" The present building is triangular. At two of the corners had been round towers, one of which is now demolished ; and on eacli side of the gateway, which forms the third angle, are two rounders. Over the arch is the crest of the Lords Maxwell, and this motto, ' i BID YE FAIR.' This castle yard is triangular ; one side, which seems to have been the family residence, is elegantly built ; has three stones, with very handsome win- dow cases. On the pediments of the lower story are coats of arms carved, with different figures and devices. The opposite side of the court-yard is plain. In the front is a handsome door-case that leads to the great hall, which is ninety feet by twenty-six. The whole internal length of that side is 123 feet""

a Now in the possession of J. B. Nichols, Esq. F. S. A.

2 le ©fege tie ftatlafcetofe*

i a millime b tregenteigime c an be

; au iour be geint Sjoiin d atint a Carbuel <€btoarb grant courte6 <E comanba q' f a terme court arout e gi £ome ge appareillaggent «EngettibIe obeoc Ii alaggent h &ur leg <£gcog geg enemig ®ebemg ' te iour que k leur J fu mig Jpu pregte tout le ogt bame m <£ Ii bong iSopg o ga maiginen Cantogt ge bint berg leg €gcog

g en coteg et gurcog ° lig gur leg gra'g c^ebaug be prig : ceo q' it ne feuggent gurprig P arme bien tt i geurement %a ont meinte riclje garnement * 25robe gur cenbeaug et gamig * lEeint beau penon en lance mis JEteint baniere begploie u € loing egtoit la noise oie x

tote tgtotent moung e baulg z ng "* oe gommerg bb e be cljarroi

• The copy of the poem in the Cottonian Library commences with these Una: 31 tconjclr# be orans mou?titcj#

5Cru et (en he tiois Cfteuiars It fns

b Milem. • treiceniaine an

De Grace au iour, &c.

A Joban. « Fu a Carduel e tint grant court. ' Ke. 8 tint.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK.

IN the year of Grace one thousand three hundred, on the day of Saint John, Edward held a great Court at Carlisle, and com- manded that in a short time all his men should prepare, to go together with him against his enemies the Scots.

On the appointed day the whole host was ready, and the good King with his household, then set forward against the Scots, not in coats and surcoats, but on powerful and costly chargers ; and that they might not be taken by surprise, well and securely armed.

There were many rich caparisons embroi- dered on silks and satins ; many a beau- tiful penon fixed to a lance ; and many a banner displayed.

And afar off was the noise heard of the neighing of horses : mountains and vallies were every where covered with

h E ensemble ovee li alassent. ' Dedens. k Ke. ' iour.

m banie. » E li roys o sa grant maisnie. ° e sou'cos.

P This line is omitted in the copy in the Cottonian Library. <i ben e.

» guarnement. * Erode sur sendaus et samis.

» Meint banier deploie. * Se estoit la noise loign oie.

y De henissemens de chevaus. * Par tout estoient mons e vaus.

»* Plein. bb somiers.

le @>fege He ftattafcerofu

<©ue a la bitatle et b la couroi ©e tente^ et de pabillong c € It tour£ egtoit beau£ e longs! 4be erroient d petite^ iourneeg €n quatre e.ScfrielejS6 ordineegf 3teg s quelesS bou# h fcetotfrcaf <8ue ' nulle n'en k tte^pa^erat

m tie n compatgnon? et fe

fcaniere^ nomement P nier coment

IJfenti fe bon Conte de Biri3<tfe r ©e protoe^e enbra^e $ a cole s € en gon coen * le a goutoeraineu Haenan^ le e^c^tele x primeraine y 25antere ot de un cendall ^affrin z <© un lion «» rampant porprin bb

ri Robert le fit? toautier cc <©e bien £iet oe arme^ le meatier •" ^>t ee en fegoit qanq'sS ff il deboit €n la taune banier ss aboit

entce deu^ cijebron^ bermaug

erroint. « Echeles. k

ne en>

"

b e c Be tentis e de paveiloni9 ' ordenis. e Le. h vos- i jje

m diray. n des 0 foutes les

P De banerez nomement. q Si vo' volez oir coment.

ainz.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 5

sumpter horses and waggons with provi- sions, and sacks of tents and pavillions.

And the days were long and fine. They proceeded by easy journeys, arranged in four squadrons; the which I will so describe to you, that not one shall be passed over. But first I will tell you of the names and arms of the companions, especially of the banners, if you will listen how.

Henry the good Earl of Lincoln, burn- ing with valour, and which is the chief feeling of his heart, leading the first squa- dron, had a banner of yellow silk with a purple lion rampant.

With him Robert le Fitz Walter, who well knew the use of arms, and so used them when required. In a yellow banner he had a fess between two red chevrons.

r Enris H bons quens de Nicole. • Ki proueste enbraste e acole.

< cuer. " soueraine * escbele. ? premeraine.

* Baner ont de un cendal safrin. "» lioun. bb purprin.

cc O lui Robert le fiz Water. dd Ke ben sont dez armes le master. ee Se. ff Kanques. 88 baner jaune.

C

s>iege Be fcarlafcerofu

a It Ulare^cljau^ b ©ont en 3jrelanbe c ot fa baillie 3ta benae tie or engreillied $ortoit en la rouge baniere

*|ue 23arboulf e be grant maniere Jlicije^ fyam$ preu£ e courtoijS f «Hn a^ure s quint fuelled h &e fin or e£mere

grant seigneur mout bonore ' i^ k ie bein ' nom'er le cinfiime

le Seigneur oe ftime m <Buin portoit rouge obe° un cfjeberon ©e or croi^elle tout enbiron P

be «Brai tt ie la $ti ben e noblement ala <©bec ^on bon jJeigneur r Ie Conte SSanier aboit e par Droit conte «De bi s pieci^ l la bouji mejfur 23arre u be argent e be a£ur

» Guillems. b Marescaus. c Irlande. <l engreellie. « Bardoul. ( Riches horns e preus e cortois. I asur. h fullez.

1 Une grant seignour mu'lt honnore. k pus< i (,en-

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. /

And William le Marshall, who in Ire- land had the chief command. He bore a gold bend engrailed in a red banner.

Hugh Bardolf, a man of great appear- ance, rich, valiant, and courteous. He bore, azure, three cinquefoils of pure gold.

A great lord, much honoured, may I well name the fifth, Philip the Lord of Kyme, who bore red, with a chevron of gold surrounded by crosslets.

I saw Henry de Grey there, who well and nobly attended with his good Lord the Earl. He had a banner, and rec- koned rightly you would find it barry of six pieces of silver and blue.

"> Phelippe le seignur de Kyme. " Ki. • O.

P De or croissillie tot en viron. 1 Henri. * seignour. * sit.

< pecys. u Barree.

8

JLe ©fcffe He

AAA

Robert De JJion^aut i e£tott ftt mout jjaute entente i mettoit * ®e faire a ijaute Ijoneut b ateinte c 25aniere abort en agure teinte d <©ue un Ipon rampant t> 'argent e

<£ compaigneg a cele gent f CfjomajS De lEuItone #e fu aboit baniere1 ee^cu argent obek treig faar^1 De goule^m

" armcs' ne f urent pas 5^e giente en la parellement <Cac teller ou regemfalement He %onga£ter entre ftc en (ieu tie une barre mcins Quarter r rouge e iaune luppart s

€ be telle me^me part '

jpu <5ui[[emi)S u It

Jti Darme.si ne^t muet ne

aboit beinz conoi^abte or fin oue (a baunce tie sable a

• Ky m'lt haute entent metoit. b honur. c atainte.

d This line is omitted in the copy in the Cottonian Library. c O an lyoun rampant de arge't. ' Acompainiez a eel gent.

5 Moukon, h Ky. ' baner. k O. ' barres. m gouly's.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 9

Robert de Montalt was there, who highly endeavoured to acquire high honor. He had a banner of a blue colour, with a lion rampant of silver.

In company with these was Thomas de Multon, who had a banner and shield of silver with three red bars.

These arms were not single, for such, or much resembling them, were in the hands of John de Lancaster ; but who, in the place of a bar less, bore a red quarter with a yellow leopard.

And of this same division was William le Vavasour, who in arms is neither deaf nor dumb. He had a very distinguishable banner of fine gold with a sable dauncet.

• Ses. ° le apparellement. P Kar teles ot re&emM.tntme't. 1 Johans de Langastre. ' Quartier. • lupart. < E le cele meUpart. u Guillames. x Ky de armes ne cst muet tie sours. y Bauer,

i ben. la De or fyn o la dance de sable.

D

10

le @fege He

ens>ement ft i bicn e aDe.^ement b HI a sarnie;* c touted le.si s>ai£onj» 3u Counte d e.s'tott gi e£t ration?' ftc nome£e $oit entref ^a gent fiouge portoit frette D'argcnt s

bon Robert le fit? Jlogier b ie jia baniere a rengtet '

cefe au Counte1 en cele alee or etm oe rouge e^quartelee une benDe taint en noier u

on fit? et P #on Jbeir «i ftt r Oe Ctabering a ^urnom s Drter^e tie ricn non u Dtun label! x bert jjeulement

^>e e.^totent DU retenement 2u bon Jlonte et au bien ame? Cuit ctl fee ci boujS ai nome e.sf companijS2 fu li Cone^tablejs

• ricj]e.bj e mctable^ bb e^toit &e J^erefort SSaniere ot dd oe 3fnbe cenDal fort <© une blandje benbe lee

• Johans de Odilslaue. b K/ ben e adesscemellt. c de armes.

Rjbert le fiz roger. i arenger. t Let. 1 cunte. m e.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 1 I

Also John de Holdeston, who at all times appears well and promptly in arms. He was with the Count, which makes it proper that he should be named among his followers. He bore gules fretty of silver.

I saw the good Robert Fitz Roger's banner ranged with that of the Earl in the march : it was quarterly of gold and red with a black bend.

That of John his son and lieu-, who has the surname of Clavering, was not at all different, excepting only a green label.

All those whom I have named to you were the retinue of the good and well- beloved Earl. His companion was the Constable, who was Earl of Hereford, a rich and elegant young man. He had a banner of deep blue silk, with a white

» O un bende uintc en noir. ° La. v t. i boir. ' Ky.

• claveringhe a surnoun. ' Ne estoit. u noun. * label. > Le bon conte e le hen ame. * compaigns. " boms.

* mectables. « Ky. " ont.

le S>fep ce

®e beu£ eo^ticeji entre alec ®e or fin bont au beijor^ a.sgig <©t en rampant [ponceau.;! $i$ b

be <t>egrabe n It foe nature aboit embeli ©e corp£ c et d enricl)i oe cuet maitfant pere ot fti getta puer garbed et d le Ipon prijst e^ enf aun£ e enjst aprijSt coragou£ a re.^cmfalec <z£ o les» nobler a^emblec f €il$ s ot la faaniete h ^on pere 2u label rouge por ^on frere gio^an fee li ain^ne? e^toit € fet entere la portoit %i pere^ ot &e la moitfier Cnfe fit? 1 1 ^toient c^ebalier k ^rue et d Ijarbt et d befen^able <© un tpon l be argent en £able Rampant et d be or fin coronne m jFu la bamere h bel ainj»ne foe li <®ueng ^EacejSc^ausi atiott

el ^erbice feil " beboit r ce fee feil0 ne i pooit benir ne me? puet pa^ ^oubenir baneret t fuiiS^ent pluji $i It boir boujs en conclug bacheler^ i ot bien •» cent

1 asis. b This line is omitted in the copy in the Coltonian MS. c cors. e enfans. I This line is omitted in the copy inthe College of Arms.

THE SIEGE. OF CARLAVEROCK. 13

bend between two cotises of fine gold, on the outside of which he had six lioncels rampant.

With him was Nicholas de Segrave, whom nature had adorned in body and enriched in heart. He had a valiant father, who wholly abandoned the garbs, and assumed the lion ; and who taught his chil- dren to imitate the brave, and to associate with the nobles. Nicholas used his father's banner with a red label; by his brother John, who was the eldest, it was borne en- tire. The father had by his wife five sons, who were valiant, bold, and courageous knights. The banner of the eldest, whom the Earl Marshal had sent to execute his duties because he could not come, was sable with a silver lion rampant, crowned with fine gold. I cannot recollect what other Bannerets were there, but you shall see in the conclusion that he had one

r Cil. k buner. ' fiz. * chivalier. ' lyonn.

» couronne. • Ke il. " li. r This wordu omitted in tht

copy in the Cottonian fllS. ' ben.

E

14

He €>iege te ftarlatierofc.

®ont nul£ en o^tell a tie

b foij tant fie il aient tou? )ie£ c leg pa.^age.S Doutou? <© en£ rbebaudjent rbe.Scun iour lit mare^djal li ficrfaergour d Jtt fibrent placet a logiet a ceu^ fie Doibent e Ijerbcrgier f par tant ai Dit De abant e gartie ftt ^ont DeDetn? h et s fii la gacoe '

It bong <©uenag be B^arene k 5^e lautre egrfjele1 abott la renem & tugtider et gouborner n <Com ° til W P bten gcabot't i mentr «Ben geignourie $ ijonnouree r 5^e or ets be a$>ut egcljequeree * 5fu ga baniere noblement

$Jl u ot en gon aggemblement ^enrt be $erci gon nebou ®e fei P gemblott fee eugt fait bou ®e aler leg egcog be rampant x 3|aune o un bleu Ipon rampant jfu ga baniere y faien buable

Robert le $il? ^ajinez jJiebable «©t ^a baniere y flanc a flanc J?ouge a pa^anjS Ipon.^ 6e blanc i£ be un ba.s'ton ^ bleu £urgette?

• Ostel. i> Nule

f herberger. ' chel. » renne.

« Cerchiez. lavant. h dedenz.

° a iusticer e governer

d hetbirgour. c devent.

guarde. k Warenne.

0 cum.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 15

hundred good bachelors there, not one of whom would go into lodgings or tent until they had examined all the sus- pected passes, in which they rode every day. The Marshal, the harbinger, as- signed lodgings to those who were enti- tled to them. Thus far I have spoken of those who are in and form the vanguard.

John the good Earl of Warren held the reins to regulate and govern the second squadron, as he who well knew how to lead noble and honorable men. His ban- ner was handsomely checquered with gold and azure.

He had in his company Henri de Percy his nephew, who seemed to have made a vow to humble the Scots. His banner was very conspicuous, a blue lion rampant on yellow.

Robert le Fitzpayne followed them ; he had his red banner, side by side, with three white lions passant, surcharged with a blue baton.

savoit. ' Gent segnonrie e hounouree. ' e. ' eschei|uere. E. » rompant. -' baner. * Robert le fiz paien. " bastoun.

16

le Siege te

*3autier£ be Monti a aiou^te? t£.sitoit en cele ccmpaignieb <£ar c tuit f urent be une mai^nie d ct baniere e esSc^eiiucree blanc et f rouge couluree s

%t h Valence apmar£ li SBelle ' baniere t fu baiKan^ <©e argent et f be a.^ure burlee k <© la faorbure poralee 3Tout entour be rouge ' meroloji m

14n bailliant Ijom et be grant Io^ <8 lui ^icSoIe be ftarru

meinte foi? orent paru fait en coutert et f en lanbe la f elloune gent Oirlanbe ° SSaniere ot iaune bien payable © troi.s pa##aniS Ipon.^ be

fiogter 1 be la JEare obec eu^ JUng cjjtoaller ^age et jreu^ r ftp s Ic.s; arme.sJ ot fcermeilfecteg * O blanc Ipon et rrotjtfelectejS u

• Wautiers de Money'. ' compaigneye. « Kar. d maisine.

* Cil ot baiier. ' e. e couloure. h De. ' Bele. k burelee. 1 roug. s. ™ merlus. » Un vaillant home e de grant los.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 17

Add to these Walter de Money, who was in this company because they were all of one household. He had his banner chequered of silver and red.

The valiant Aymer de Valence bore a beautiful banner there of silver and azure stuff, surrounded by a border of red mart- lets.

With him Nicholas de Carew, a valiant man of great fame, which had often been displayed both in cover and on the plains against the rebellious people of Ireland. He had a handsome yellow banner with three lions passant sable.

With them was Roger de la Ware, a wise and valiant knight, whose arms were red, with a white lion and crosslets.

• This line is omitted in the copy in the Cotlonian MS.

' treis lyuiuis pa>s iris de sable. 1 Rogers.

' Uus cbevalers iagis e preus. • Ki. ' vermelleclis.

• O blunc Ijoun e croissellectei.

F

18

lc ©fege ae ftatlafcerofu

©e SDartoift le Count <Bup * Coment hen ma rime De gup b Be atooit boi^in c De Iuid mellour 2?aniecee ot de rouge toulourf <© fea^e e De or et croi^ifie

o croi^ noire engreelie portoit h

Cele De STate^ale a oun

por sa lialour o cits' tirce <De or De rouge eiScljequeree ' 2u ci)ie£j De ermine outrement k

ftauf le fit? «5ut[Ieme autrement l fte cil De Walence portoit Car en lieu De merleg metoit m 2Croi^ cjjapeau^ De rosSeg n bermeillesi fte bien ^eoient a merbetlle^ °

D'l Warewik le conte Guy. b Coment ke en ma rime le guy.

" '••» « Baner. • colour. * fesse. " Johans.

vesyn

1 luy.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 19

Guy Earl of Warwick, who of all that are mentioned in my rhyme had not a better neighbour than himself, bore a red banner with a fess of gold and cmsilly.

John de Mohun bore there, yellow, with a black cross engrailed.

Tateshal, for valour which he had dis- played with them, has one of gold and

red chequered, with a chief ermine.

Ralph le Fitzwilliam bore differently from him of Valence, for instead of mart- lets he had three chaplets of red roses, which became him marvellously.

1 De or e de rouge eschequere. I chef. " outreement.

1 Tkis line is omitted in the copy in the Cottonian MS. "' Car en lieu des merlos mettoit. * roiis .

" Ki bien auienent a mervellez.

lc ©fege De ftatlattetolu

de fto£ fu rouge a a troi.S bou? blanj*

<£ la bantere '{

tt barre b tie bin c pom? or et d de goule^ otoelment

fJ

Tin,

in/

Oe 25eauc:bamp proprement e it le f baniere de fcair dou? tensS etd au

a fancier h le^

aroutent le ©ont ia be beuiS oi <r de la tierce oier deue^ m

• O. b barree. c viiij. d e. e propirment. ' la.

* soucf far. k bascier. ' ventailef. k batailes. ' avez.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 21

That which William de Ros displayed there, was red with three white bougets.

And the banner of Hugh Pointz was barry of eight pieces of gold and red.

John de Beauchamp bore handsomely, in a graceful manner, and with inspiring ardour, a banner vair.

The ventailes were soon lowered, and the battalions proceeded on their march. Of two of them you have already been told, and of the third you shall hear.

" E de la terce oir Jerez. G

22

3Le Siege He

£ *I

<£btoarba &ireg be ®e «Egcoceb etc tie .aijjleterre d roig $rince}> ^Bualoig ©uc tie acquitaine' 3la tierce egrfjile un pot Iain8tatnef ConDuit etc gupe arreement ,|>i bet e # ^errements ite nuf# He autre ne ^e i Depart h €n ;Sa baniere' troi# Iupattek ®e oc fin e^toint J mig en rouge Courant felloun fier et tiarouge m ^ar tel jSijjntffantt misf fte auiSt e£t ber# ^ejS enemi^ Et ro# fiet^ feloun^" etc Car ga morjSure ne^t? Bul# fet nen^ #nit enbenime? porqanf tots ej»t ralume? bouce befaonairete

U requerent j»e amtsSte <ctc a ga pai^ faeullent benir Cel prince boit bien abenir ®e grans* $tn$ e^tre c^eberaigne •». <f>oun nebou 3io:ban be ce fie plug be fui e£t z ie plug tojSt noumer^ apreji <t»i le aboit it bienbb be^erbi Com cit fit gon oncte ot gertoi cc enfance peniblement

* Edewars. b escos. « e. d engleter.

« Princes Galois Dues de Aquitaine. ' La lerce eschel un poi longtaine. * serreenient. h Ke nuls de autre ne se depart. ' banier.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 23

Edward King of England and Scotland, Lord of Ireland, Prince of Wales, and Duke of Aquitaine, conducted the third squadron at a little distance, and brought up the rear so closely and ably that none of the others were left behind. In his ban- ner were three leopards courant of fine gold, set on red, fierce, haughty, and cruel; thus placed to signify that, like them, the King is dreadful, fierce, and proud to his enemies, for his bite is slight to none who inflame his anger ; not but his kindness is soon rekindled towards such as seek his friendship or submit to his power. Such a Prince was well suited to be the chieftain of noble personages.

I must next mention his nephew John of Brittany, because he is nearest to him ; and this preference he has well deserved, having assiduously served his uncle from his infancy, and left his father

k lupart. ' ettoient. ** Courant feloun fier e harouge.

" felons. » liaustans. P ne est. i ne en. ' porquant.

• tost. ' Kant. " De granz genz estre chievetaine.

" bretaigne. ' Pur ce ke plus est de li pres. * Doi. ** nomer. <•<• ben. « De te.

24.

JLe @fep He ftartafcerofe*

(£t tie guerpia outreement

pere etb £on autre lignage Demourer tie gon matfnage foant li iSoi.^ ot beiSoi0nec be <£tb it fie esstoit faeau^ etb 25aniere atooit cotnte etb paree ©e ot ttb De ajucd e^equeree 2ue rouge ourle o iaune^ luparjS ©ermine f tftoit fa quartes parg

h oe 25ac iloec' e^tott $tenk la baniere1 2inDe portoit

bar^ De or etb £u la rouge ourte engreetltie"

oe iBrant ^on palee ©e argent etb oe a^ur ^ureatee0 ©e benbe rouge o troi^ eigfeau.^ portoit oe oc fin bien fate e beau.s

23ien Doi mettreP en mon $te <EIt£ i De aufaigni ti courtoi^ 25aniere ot rouge ou entaillie blanche engreellie

• d-guerpi. b e. « bosoign.

1 De ermine.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 25

and other relations to dwell in his house- hold when the King had occasion for his followers. He was handsome and amiable, and had a beautiful and ornamented ban- ner, chequered gold and azure, with a red border and yellow leopards, and a quarter of ermine.

John de Bar was likewise there, who, in a blue banner, crusilly, bore two barbels of gold, with a red border engrailed.

William de Grandison bore paly silver and azure, surcharged with a red bend, and thereon three beautiful eaglets of fine gold.

Well ought I to state in my lay, that the courteous Elias de Aubigny had a red banner, on which appeared a white fess engrailed.

« quart. k Johans. ' iluec. k Ke en. ' baner.

m Deuz. " eiijjreellie. ° suralee. » mctttru. i Elys.

H

26

le ©fcgc He J&arlafcerotu

<£urmcniong be la 23rectea bantere eut route rougecteb

eugc ct truig en mon conte iflfue oe Uec le fil? au Conte ®e ^enfortjd ete frece #on feoir <© le ourle entente f oe noic 3boit baniere e long ets lee ®e oth ete oe rouge e^uartelee <?c bon renoai none ya.s oe toile1 ^e ot oebant un falanctie egtoite k

De Jf5fter^m le appareil «©t ma^cle oe or et oe iiermetf €tu par tant compare le a oun° 2u faon Hlorice Oe Crooun?

Robert le Seigneur fi oe CItffort a fei rai^on^ oonne confort ®e ^e.iS enemi^ encombrer r €outejS Ie^ foi^ fie remembrer8 Hi puet Oe £on noble lignage pregn a tetftmoignage *

* Mes Eumenions de la Brette. d Oxinfort. « e.

c ceus

b La baner ot tout rougette. endentee. f &. h ore.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 2J

But Eurmenions de la Brette had a banner entirely red.

After these I find in my account Hugh de Vere, son of the Earl of Oxford, and brother to his heir. He had a long and narrow banner, not of silk but of good cloth, and quartered gold and red, with a black indented border, and in the upper part a white star.

John de Rivers had his caparisons mas- cally of gold and vermillion ; and they were therefore similar to those of the good Maurice de Croun.

Robert, the Lord of Clifford, to whom reason gives consolation, who always re- members to overcome his enemies. He may call Scotland to bear witness of his noble lineage, that originated well and

1 De bun cendal non pas de toyle. k E derant une blanche ettoyle. 1 Jobans. m Riviers. » E. • on. T Croon. i teignour. ' emcombrer. • Toutes le foiz ki remembrer. ' ttismuignage.

28

He ©iege te

fte biena etb noblement comence Comc cil fci e#t tie la gemence He Conte jaaregrball d It noble $U par oela Con^tanttnoble e 21 unicotnef ge combati <£tb De gou? lujs mort le abati ®e It De par mere e£t bemtjj SL fei fu biena pareil tenug %\ bon jSo!jierh pere £on pere ne ot profce^e1 fti ne apere

el fit? Du fit?k

coi faien iSai fte onque^ ne en ft? lloenge Dont il ne goit Car en li egt au^i bon 5^e e#tre preuDom Sen nut co'boiem Ee iSot jSon bon Seigneur" conboie ,§a faanier moult Jonnouree0 ®e or etb oe a^ur e^cijequeree P ^ une fe^e bermellette <f)j ie e^toie une pueellette 5je li oonroie ceuri etb coriS Cant e^t de lu r bonjS It record

aes bon l^ue le

Stt ba^^aument ^ur Ie curlier1

^aboit oe^rompre une mellee

3La baniere ot e^quartellee"

©e une noirx ba^toun ^urblane gette

€tb ue bermeil iaune frette

• ben. u e. c cum. d Mareschal. c costcntinuble.

1 unicorn. » li. h Rogers. ' value. k Resusciteeel filzdelfilz. 1 This line, though omitted in the copy in the College of Arms, occurs in the Cottonian MS.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 29

nobly, as he is of the race of the noble Earl Marshal, who at Constantinople fought with an unicorn, and struck him dead be- neath him ; from whom he is descended through his mother. The good Roger, his father's father, was considered equal to him, but he had no merit which does not appear to be revived in his grandson ; for I well know there is no degree of praise of which he is not worthy, as he exhibits as many proofs of wisdom and prudence as any of those who accompany his good Lord the King. His much honoured banner was chequered with gold and azure, with a vermillion fess. If I were a young maiden, I would give him my heart and person, so great is his fame.

The good Hugh le Despenser, who loyally on his courser knows how to dis- perse an enemy, had a banner quarterly, with a black baton on the white, and the gules fretty yellow.

"> De estre preudom ke en mil ke en voie. • seignour.

0 Sa baniere mout honource. » eschequere. ' quer. ' li.

• Uu. ' coursier. " Fu la baniere esquartelee. • noier.

I

30

&e

Be

/w\

4. flj* «

bon $ue be <£ourtenata %a faaniere oblieeb nc aic ®e or fin o troig rouged rondeau? «Etd assuring6 fu It Iafoeau£

E le aumartf oe ^aint amant ti ba proue^ees reclamant e or etd De noir ftette ah cjjtef © tcoi! ronoeau^k be or oerecfyef

®engaigne' te ot iolie o Dance be or croijSgtIie m

i ot JBautier be S&eaudjampe" merlog be or el rouge cljampe0 <© une fe^e en lieu be bance Chattier gelon ma ebibance? beji mellour^ futr entre [ ne fu£t trop fier£ etd ne orre? parler it fee" ne ait une

« Del bon Hue de Courtenay. b oubliec. c ay. d e.

c asurins. ' Amauri. ? prouesie. h au. ' trois. k gasteaus. 1 Johans lie Engaigne. m Rouge dance de or croissillie.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 31

I have not forgotten the banner of the good Hugh de Courtenay, of fine gold with three red roundlets and a blue label.

And that of Aumary de Saint Amain!, who advances, displaying his prowess, of gold and black fretty, on a chief three roundlets, also of gold.

John de Engaigne had a handsome one of red, crusilly, with a dancette of gold.

Next, Walter de Beauchamp bore there, six martlets of gold in a red field, with a fess instead of a dancette. A Knight, according to my opinion, one of the best of the whole, if he had not been too rash and daring ; but you will never hear any one speak of the Seneschal that has not a but.

" Wallers c'e beauchamp. ° cbamp. ' Thii line it omitted

in the copy in the Cottonian MS. 1 uns. ' fust. • touz.

1 »eiifscal. " ki.

He

He fcarlafcerofc.

O"V"

€t( he a tout lucn taicc a ruer lie 3lu £autour noir engreellie 3[aune ot et baniere et penouna 25outourte ot a nomb

2Baniere bel

3Jaune ad crotf rouse engreellie

ILa €u^tacl]ee tie ilatbe e^toit

oe J©ellegf la pottnit o unes noire h (pon1 rampant ©ont la coue en Doublet jie egpant

Robert tie «t>cale# bel et » gent

3Le ot rouge a coptliejS1" tie argent

• Jaune baniere ot c penon. b Johan, Boutetourte ot a noun,

•apparellie. - o. « Eustace. ' Adam de Welle.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 33

He, who with a light heart, doing good to all, bore a yellow banner and pennon with a black saltire engrailed, was called John Botetourte.

The banner of Eustace de Hache was well ornamented : it was yellow with a red cross engrailed.

Adam de Welles bore there, gold, a black lion rampant, whose tail spread itself into two.

The handsome and amiable Robert ,de Scales bore red with shells of silver.

h noir. ' lyoun. k double. ' Robert de Scales.

" cokillei.

34,

le

Be fcatlafcetofe.

# c^ebalicc De bon [Os?a 5le ot toernuiUe o b iaune^ merfo?

Cele att «£onte He

fiougc o une d blanc Ipoun connoiiS e «n eg'toit te ouerlouref Del emcljampeure h

£atrifi DC ©unbar fit?1 ie Conte Be la portoit par nul aconte De une label De a.^ure

.Steuart1 ftc o eu.^ conber^'e baniere ot apreiStee £1 n croi$i bfancbe a » bou.sf ° ffouretce

• Emlam Thouchez chevaliers de bon los in the copy in the Cottonian MS. but the word Emlam hns been subsetjuentty added, though in an ancient hand.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 35

Touches, a knight of good fame, bore red, with yellow martlets.

That of the Count of Laonis was known as red with a white lion, and a white bor- der with roses like the field.

Patrick of Dunbar, son of the Count, bore in no way different from his father, excepting a blue label.

Richard Suwart, who was in company with them, had a black banner painted with a white cross, flowered at the ends.

b a. e Lnoiioh. d un. * conois. ' ourleure. • A.

k enchampcure. ' fi*. k inde. ' Riehart Suwart. • Noirt. " o. ° boui.

36

le @>fege Be tetofcerofe.

tm foegel be cele gent lie ot noira a ro^ette^ tie arjjent

Ee beau 25rian le ffl?

©e courtoi.siie et b oe j]onouc

3! i>i o baniere barree

©e or etb oe 0oule# bien paree

J&ont DC chalanged e^toit It potn?

gac entre Iute ttb $ue goin?

ftt portoit eel ne piujs ne mein#

marbetlle aboit meinte qe mein?'

t fu Cosier f He Jiortaigne $ti #e peme fee Jjonnouc a taigne 3faune le ot o m bleu# [Ponji ©ont Ie^ couejS Double^

I I I 1

n.t t

1

«c Oe Jlontercombe li beaujrh ®e ermine o DeujS roujjeji jumeauji

e. « honnour. <i chalenge. « li.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 37

Simon de Fresel, of that company, bore black with roses of silver.

The handsome Brian Fitz Alan, full of courtesy and honour, I saw with his well- adorned banner, barry of gold and red; which was the subject of a dispute be- tween him and Hugh Pointz, who bore the same, neither more nor less, at which many and many marvelled.

Then there was Roger de Mortaigne, who strives that he may acquire honour ; he bore yellow with six blue lions, the tails of which we call double.

And of the handsome Huntercombe, ermine with two red gemelles.

' Rogiers. I dioms. k beiui.

t

38

le

te

OuiUcmc tie tfiQrc t c.stoit uc en [a bantere in tie porroit tie or enlumine?

u^ fu

%i beauc €boma^ tie fti ftantd ^eoit #uc le cjjebal Be ^embloit ijome fiee siomeille o^ ttf bentie bermeiHe it en la bantere blancfce

t>e la JEace une manege goctoit tie argent en rouge ouforee.

e le dE^trange le ot libree liouge o oeu^ ll blant? ' lyon.s

Avoec. b aclieminez. • beaut. d quant. • ki. ' e.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 39

William de Ridre was there, who in a blue banner bore crescents of brilliant gold.

With them marched the handsome Tho- mas de Furnival, who, when seated on horseback, does not resemble a man asleep; he bore six martlets and a red bend in a white banner.

John de la Mare bore a silver maiinch worked on red.

John le Estrange had red caparisons with two white lions passant.

« Johans. K deuz. > blapi.

40

Lc ©fege He

\7T7TTT7T

/T7T7T

/X/XA.

€ncore i I u a ie ronnoi.^ang 3>l)an be <Braib fit bireec 3J ot j$a bantere barree ©argent ct &e agur entatfliee rou0e cngceeUic

€ oBuilfeme^ de Canteto ifte te pac ce^te raijJon fo fce en ^onncucf a tou^s tenji baire nt el rouge e£cu floured h tt li$ tie or De tejSte^ be fupar£

tie

iHe bien ^e ^tatioit' fairek amer O ocu.s fe££e£ DC batr (eboit %a baniere fie rouge aboit

a £jimon De fte1 abott baniere etd ®e inbe au grifoun rampant De or fin $ernoit la tier^ egc&iet ffnm

• fiu. b Gray. c virree. d e. ' bunnour. » touz. h flours.

c De argent e de asur entallie. savoit. k fere. ' Ki.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 41

Also I know John de Grey was there, who I saw had his banner barry of silver and blue, with a red bend engrailed.

And William de Cantilupe, whom I for this reason praise, that he has at all times lived in honour. He had on a red shield a fess vair, with three fleurs de lis of bright gold issuing from leopards' heads.

And then Hugh de Mortimer, who well knew how to make himself loved : he bore a red banner with two fesses vair.

But by Simon de Montagu, who had a blue banner and shield with a griffin rampant of fine gold, the third squadron was brought to a close.

This line is omitted in the copy in the Coltonian MS. M

Ita quart e^cbiet ou gon courop' ConDuit ^DluarD b it fi'I? c le 5[oubenceaug De Dip et £cpt ai (£tc De noutel arme£ portan.^ «|>e corpg f fu beau.^ et e ©e cuer courtoi.^ ete <Ete De^iran.s De lieuh trouber «©u pou^t' #a force e^prouter £>i c^ebaucljoit merbeille^ bel (£te portoit o un bleu lafaellk arme.^ le bon ilop1 ^on pere li Doint Dieu^ grace fee tl pcre baillan^ et e non pa^ mein^ porront en gesS mein^m OTel fit nel beent faire oan

Ei prettf ^tfyan" tie

j?u pat tout o lui

W ^ur tou? #e# sarnemen^0

«ct cijief rouse ot fie or Deu^ molette?1 *

cote ete blanci)e^ alette blanc ete baniere blanche 8 o la bermeille manege

tie 3Tonp fei bien ^ipe fte il «jSt ou cbe\jatiet a ctgne"

* 11 quarte eschiele o son couroi. A Jovencaus de dis e set anst e e. ' peust. k label. ' roi.

b Edewars. c fielz.

' cors. s ensegniez. b ben.

m Lors iiorront chair en ses meins.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 43

The fourth squadron, with its train, was led by Edward the King's son, a youth of seventeen years of age, and bearing arms for the first time. He was of a well proportioned and handsome person, of a courteous disposition, and intelligent ; and desirous of finding an occasion to display his prowess. He managed his steed won- derfully well, and bore with a blue label the arms of the good King his father. Now God give him grace that he be as valiant and no less so than his father: then may those fall into his hands who from henceforward do not act properly.

The brave John de Saint John was every where with him, who on all his white caparisons had upon a red chief two gold mullets.

A white surcoat and white alettes, a white shield and a white banner, were

borne with a red niaunch by Robert de

K>77n/»**f */rf4*

Tony, who well evinces that he is a Knight of the Swan.

" Julians. ° guarnt niem. P bUncs. i mulectci.

' alectes. ' Purtoit. ' Ruben. ° tie il est clu cbevtler »u cigne.

JLe Siege fce fcarla&erofc.

Sanicre ot $enri li

bfancbe De un poli lioig b un cjbiebron bermeil en mi

fie abort fait ami ©e ^uilleme Ded ttatimier $tee la rroi^ patee De oc miec ^octoit en rouge bien poctcaitef ^>a baniere ot cele part traite

oe Eepbourne omg jSan^ e me# eth

23aniere i ot o

3|noe o gi.3 blanc

rampant1

*£.

Sogier k De .mortemer mer1 eth Defa mer a porte quel part fie ait ale 3Ce£cu barreem au cfref pale «E le^ corniere# 0ironnee£n «©e oc eth tie atfur enfumine^0

• Raniere ot Henris li Tyois. •> ' pourtraite.

lyois. t Prouesce. 'i ]e. « Ki. ' De incle o sis blans lyouns raropans.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 45

Henry le Tyes had a banner whiter than a smooth lily, with a red chevron in the middle.

Prowess had made a friend of William le Latirner, who bore on this occasion a well-proportioned banner, with a gold cross patee, pourtrayed on red.

Also William de Leyburne, a valiant man, without but and without if, had there a banner and a large pennon, of blue, with six white lions rampant.

And then Roger de Mortimer, who on both sides the sea has borne, wherever he went, a shield barry, with a chief paly and the corners gyronny, emblazoned with gold and with blue, with the escutcheon

k Rugiers. ' Ki beca mer e deU mer. " barre. n gyrounces.

N

46 Le ©fege He

<© le esjttttf)ouna butfcie tie ermine <©becb leg autreg ge arijemme Cat it etc It Defcant nomegd 2u fit? le flop furent rome£ e ©e gon ftein 0uioutf etc guaroein j&eg coment fte ie Ie^ orDein 3Li ^>ein^ 5fotan^ It Hatimurg 2BatlIteh It furent tie^ premier^' ftt ^e e^ctitele areec Dcbotent €omk cil fit plu^ ue ce Cat cuerem ailfourg ne ^eroit 5^eu^n plu# batllang ne tieujc" ami lout furent et c botjsin °

n frete au fit? le lUot cousin etc ^entpp Ie# nome on %t futent fit? mon jftete Ie ?Sot le mieug amei He onque^ oi^e engt nome

De ILangca^tre egtoit conte^ r e^t De ge£ arme^ ttel^s It tonte^ <BnsIeterre au label De Jrtante c ne ieul plug mettte en goufftance

• escuchon. b Ovoer.

' Guyour. * sains. b Bailie.

c e.

1 primers

A nomez. k Cum.

• reroez. 1 savoient.

THE SIEGE OF CAHLAVEROCK. 4?

voided of ermine. He proceeded with the others, for he and the before named were appointed to conduct and guard the King's son. But how can I place them ? The St. Johns, the Latimers, were leaders from the first, who ought to have been in the rear of the squadron, as those who best understood such matters, for it would not be wise to seek elsewhere two more valiant or two more prudent men.

Their friends and neighbours were two brothers, cousins to the King's son, named Thomas and Henry, who were the sons of Monsieur Edmond, the well-beloved, who was formerly so called.

Thomas was Earl of Lancaster : this is the description of his arms ; those of Eng- land with a label of France, and he did not wish to display any others.

m querf. • deui. « veisin. r Henri.

i Frere le Rui miclz ame. ' Se. • ceui.

48

He ©fcjje tie &atlatierofe.

fte De ^enri ne boug rcDie fti tou? iourg toute ge e^tubie Mi$t a rcgemblec gon bon pere <£ta portoit leg avmeg jSon fme 2u bleu ba^toun gan^ label b

bel

<Eta noblement i fu rcme^c <Se armeg toermeilleg biend i® ma^cle^ De or Ouc cijamp

Celuif oont bien fucent «cta acljiebeeg leg amourg apreg gtangs boubtegh eta cremourg OCant fie Dieug ten toult1 Delibre egtre for la Contc^e tie (Sfoucegtre pir lonsk teng gouffri grang? maug ©e or fin o trotg djiobrong ' iiennaug 51 otm baniere geulement" &i ne faigoit pag malement ftant geg propreg armeg tegtoit0 5Cauneg ou le egle beroe egtoit €t nt nomP Sauf De

• e. b sanz le label. c remez. d ben. « del. ' Cely.

granz. u duubtt z. ' le en volt. k Por ki long. ' chiverons.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 49

Those of Henry I do not repeat to you, whose whole daily study was to resemble his good father, for he bore the arms of his brother, with a blue baton, without the label.

William de Ferrers was finely and nobly accoutred and well armed, in red, with gold mascles voided of the field.

He by whom they were well supported, acquired, after great doubts and fears until it pleased God he should be deli- vered, the love of the Countess of Glou- cester, for whom he a long time endured great sufferings. He had only a banner of fine gold with three red chevrons. He made no bad appearance when attired in his own arms, which were yellow with a green eagle. His name was Ralph de Monthermer.

• J ut. • soulement. « Ke ses propres armet n'estoit in the

MS. in the College of Armt. • Se avoit non.

O

50

le

rUX,

mi

pcru

Iuia bi ie tout premier %t baiUant Robert oe la $te faienb ga baniere0 retoarDe

e^t De blanc e &e noir

fflllP

DC <l»t. 3Io-bnd ^on Ijoir 3lour ot batttie a compaiflnon Sti De ^on pete aboit It noume <Etf Ie^ arme^ au bleu label

[e £onte tie 3rounDelh Xeau c^itatier1 etf bien ame 51 bi je ridjement arme €n rouge au tyon rampant De or

oe la ^oucfee tremor &ignifioit k fee £u^ &a rouge baniere a1 Car bien gcai ftilm a 3Eres5orn plu^ fee en burce0 penDu

ben. ' banier. ''• Jubans de Seint Julian. e n ichart. h Arontlel. ' ebevalier. k signefi

' Richart.

« 11011. oii.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 51

After him . I saw first of all the valiant Robert de la Warde, who guards his banner well, which is vaire of white and black.

The heir of John de St. John was there a companion ; he bore the name of his father, and also his arms with a blue label.

Richard the Earl of Arundel, a hand- some and well-beloved Knight, I saw there, richly armed in red, with a gold lion rampant.

Alan de la Zouche, to shew that riches were perishable, bore bezants on his red banner ; for I know well that he has spent more treasure than is suspended in his purse.

' o. ™ Kar bien sai ke il. " Tresour. • bouree.

52 He @>iege 5e fcartafcetofc.

fat amouca etb pat compagnie <© eug fu jointe la matfmie c %e noble €be£q. tie ©outaumed %t ptu£ baillant cletfee6 t>ef toiaume ^.oite boires ne cregtiente Si tiou.s en Ditai ncntc

cojh j(e entenote me bole? fu etb bien enpatle?

Ocoitute[^k etb Be onque^ ticlje Jjome ne ftt plu^ bel otDena^te ^a bie ©tguel coubottjie1 enb enbie aboit it oum tout gette putt J^on potqant ;bautem te cuetn fot $t$ Droitout^0 memtenietP Si Wt ne laiggoit conbenieti Se.s cncmis pat pacience €at Dune' ptopte conscience Si ^autement s»e con^eilloit He cjje.tfcuniS ^en e^metbeilloit s <£n touteg Ie4 guette^u te ilboit e^te oe noble aroi 2. 8tan£x gen^ etb a gran^ Uae^ ie ne s»cai z pat queM aa outtage^ <85ont un^ plaij li fu entamejS €n «3ngletette bb fucc

• amours. b e. e maisnie. d Eveske de dureaume. e clerk.

' du. t Voire voir. b Parcoi. ' atcmprez. k droituriers.

1 covetise. ™ del. " Non porqu't hautein ot le quer. • droitures.

" meinlenir. 1 Si ke il ne lessoit convenir. ' Car de UIIP.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 53

With them were joined both in com- pany and affection, the followers of the noble Bishop of Durham, the most vigilant clerk in the kingdom, a true mirror of Christianity ; so, that I may tell you the truth, I would be understood that he was wise, eloquent, temperate, just, and chaste. Never was there a great man, nor like person, who regulated his life better. He was entirely free from pride, covetousness, and envy : not, however, that he wanted spirit to defend his rights, if he could not work upon his enemies by gentle measures, for so strongly was he influenced by a just conscience, that it was the astonishment of every one. In all the King's wars he appeared in noble array, with a great and expensive retinue. He was detained in England in consequence of a treaty which was just entered into, but I know not about what wrong, so that he did not come

1 Ke checuns se ensemerveilloit. 'le«. " guerrers. 'grant. 7 This line is followed by the wordi Dont uns plai«, but they are dotted under, to tketv that they were inserted fry mistake, * sai.

*• queut. bk Engletere. " estoit.

P

&e ©iege tic ftarlafcetofe*

£i fcena <££coce lorg ne bint Bon puniantb # bien li gaubintc ©u ftoi fie emprise la boied a fte &e geg geng It enboia Cent ete $sots^antef ^omeji a arme£ ©nque^ artour^ s pot tou? ^i beau present ne ot De HUnminieb o un fet DC molin' ©ermine k i enbofa ^e en^eigne1

fti tot Jjonnour engei0nem De J^a^tingue^ a nom° ILa oeboit conouire en gon non? Car il ejStoit o lui n reme^ r 3Lt plu^ ptibe^6 li plusS amesS4 ©e qanque^u il en i aboit <£te boic bien e£tre te Deboit €atx conneu^ egtoit oe tou^y Slu fait He armesS fier^ et e^tou? z •Jen o^tel dou? ete bebonnaireg aa Be onquejS ne fu justice en aire^

boluntierg bb De tiroict" iugiec

aboit fort ete legiet baniere oe oeure pareilte dd e or fin o la manege bermeille

• Li ke en. b porquant. <= eouvint. d vol. c e.

1 seisante. s Arturs. h vermeille. ' molj n. k De ermine.

1 ensegne. m 7%« line w omitted in the copy in the College of Arms.

" Joban. ° non.

THE SIEGE OP CARLAVEROCK. 55

into Scotland ; notwithstanding, being well informed of the King's expedition, he sent him of his people one hundred and sixty men at arms. Arthur, in former times, with all his spells, had not so fine a pre- sent from Merlin. He sent there his en- sign, which was gules with a fer de moulin of ermine.

He who all honour displays, John de Hastings, was to conduct it in his name ; for it was entrusted to him, as being the most intimate and the best beloved of any one he had there. And assuredly he well deserved to be so ; for he was known by all to be in deeds of arms daring and reckless, but in the hostel mild and gracious ; nor was there ever a Judge in Eyre more willing to judge rightly. He had a light and strong shield, and a banner of similar work of fine gold with a red inaunch.

-i' La conduit o meint compaignon, in the copy in th* College of Arms. i li. ' remez. • privez. « amez. « kanques. ' Kar.

r touz. * An fair dcs armes fi-ris e estous. " debonaires.

bl> volentris. " druit u pareile.

56

le Siege tie fcarlafcerofc.

a a a a

n5a

£cs» frereg %e [abet noir i fu cuellang 3 fei pa£ ne oeboit faitlic $onnour£ tinnt ge penott cuetlir

ioltf etb cointe ©e amour^ etb barmen c bien acointe atjotentd il a compaignon 3|o]}ane gaignel atooit a nomf [a bautcce tcrDe tainteh Oe or fin la mancfce painteh

<£t feant li bon^ a €pmon£ ©amcourt ' j^e pout mie benir a court ^ ^c^ Deug bon^ fil? en ^on lieu ' mt?'t k «©m ^a baniere o eu^ trami^t <De inDe coulour De or biletee" O un° Dance ^urgette

«Be 3oljan le fit? JHe touti priiSoient pince etb <Etm autre fee It connoi.sJ^oient r 5U baniere rembelli^oint s ?La fe^e etb li troi.^ papegai fte a octree4 blanch en rouge ai

• Eymuns. b e. c de armes. d avoint. e Johans. ' non. * Ke en. '' peinte. ' E q'nt li bons Eymo's deincourt. k These lines are transposed in the copy in the College of Arms. ' leu. m E.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 5J

Edmond, his valiant brother, chose there the black label. He could not fail of those honours which he took so much pains to acquire.

They had a handsome and accomplished bachelor, well versed in love and arms, named John Paignel, as a companion, who in a green banner bore a maunch of fine gold.

And, as the good Edmond Deincourt could not attend himself, he sent his two brave sons in his stead, and with them his banner of a blue colour, billette of gold with a dancette over all.

Of John le Fitz Marmaduke, whom all esteemed, Prince and Duke and others who knew him, the banner was adorned with a fess and three popinjays, which were painted white on a red field.

11 billetee. » une. P fiz mermenduk. • tuit.

• conoissoient. • renbellissoient. ' daviser.

a

58

3Le Siege He

<£ J&orictg tie 23erftelee fti compaipig fu tie cele alee Saniere o bermeille cum ganc <£roiggillie o un chjebron blanc <©u un label tie agur aboit force q' cessa pete^ inherit

|Ee^ aii^antireji tie 25ai«oel Ute a tout bien fereb metoitc le oel 3jaune baniered abort el cfc,amp 31 rouge egcu botDie Du c^amp

a cegtut tiaerain6 nommef

leg Doubles? astfome eth bint eth ^et bantered 3Bti tienent leg boieg pleniereg 3u chattel be ftarlaberoft fti pag neit1 prig tie egcf)eft de rofe §in? i aura trait &ek lancie ^njjin1 lebe eth balancie €omm noug boug en abiggerong" ftant le aggaut en oebiggerong0

• Force ses i part of the word however is obliterated and a correction inserted in the margin. b faire. c gettoit. d Blanche banier.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 59

And Maurice de Berkeley, who was a companion in this expedition, had a ban- ner red as blood, crusilly with a white chevron, and a blue label because his father was alive.

But Alexander de Balliol, who had his eye on doing every good, bore a banner with a yellow ground and a red escutcheon voided of the field.

To those last named, without reckoning double, were eighty-seven banners, which quite filled the roads to the castle of Car- laverock, which was not taken like a chess rook, but it will have thrusts of lances, and engines raised and poised, as we shall inform you when we describe the attack.

= daerein. ' nome. t sanz. h E. ' Ne pas ne ert.

•> e. ' Engin. '" Cum. " ariseroms. ° deriseromi.

60 te @>fe0e De

fcartaberofe cagteaug* egtoit <f>i fortb fee jj'iege ne Douhtott6 3in? fee li ftotg tluec benigt Car renDte ne te conbenigtd Sameg mate ftile fugt a gon Droit Oarni? qantf be^oign^ en benDroit ©e jjensii De engine et? De bitaiU Comh ting e£cu£ e^tott De taile Car ne ot fee troi^ coj»te? entouc <£t en ctiejScune' angle une tour •JBeg fee It une egtoit jumelee Cant £autek tant tongue e tant lee lie par fcegou? e^toit la porte 3 pont tourni.^ bien faite et forte1

<£t otn bong murg ets STretou? plaing De eaue re? a re?° €t s croi fee iameg ne berreg P Cljagtet plug bet De tui geoir Car a lun°i puet on beoir ©eberg le toegt la mere' De "SretanDe* «2te berg te norrt) fa bele lanDe ©e un brag De merer enbironnee* &i feil neu e.s't creature nee fti De Deugx parg puigt aprigmer goi mettre en peril De mer

• chasteaus. " fors. c doutoit. •> counvenist.

James mes ke il. ' Guarnys kai.t. <s e. h Cun,. i chescun. " haut. ' A punt tourniz bien fait e fort. •» E autres deffenses assez.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 61

Carlaverock was so strong a castle, that it did not fear a siege, therefore the King came himself, because it would not con- sent to surrender. But it was always fur- nished for its defence, whenever it was required, with men, engines, and provi- sions. Its shape was like that of a shield, for it had only three sides all round, with a tower on each angle ; but one of them was a double one, so high, so long, and so large, that under it was the gate with a draw-bridge, well made and strong, and a sufficiency of other defences. It had good walls, and good ditches filled to the edge with water ; and I believe there never was seen a castle more beautifully situ- ated, for at once could be seen the Irish sea towards the west, and to the north a fine country, surrounded by an arm of the sea, soi that no creature born could ap- proach it on two sides, without putting himself in danger of the sea.

" S« nvoit. • Tres touz pleins de eawe reza rez. ' verrez.

i Car al vules. ' de Irlande. • mer. « avirunne.

« Si ke il nc. s deuz. i Sanz.

R

62 Lc ©iege tie ftarlafcerofc.

©eberg Ie gu legter n'e.s'ta pag Cat it i a meint maubai^ pag ®e faotg be more etb oe trenchjeg 5ta ouc fa tmred le^ a cerchjeg <©u geult la ribtere encontrcr «3tb por ce conbiHt Io^tc entree ^lerjJ Ie e£t ou pendant f e^t It mon.^ •jEtb tluec a It roM ^omoniS

arengiecs

comh oebott Ijerbergiet arengterunt baneout1 <f>t tet.^t on meint poigneour 3jl Ioetk ^on r^ebal e^proubec «Etb puesSt on iluec trouber

mil tiome.^ De armee gent on Ie or etb Ie argent De tou.^" ricjbe^ colour^0 plug nobleg etb leg meillourgp Cregtout Ie bal enlumincr ^ar cot bten trot fte a oebiner €tl ou eba.stelli pu^antr oonqueg ften tel pereil3 ne furent onqueg ©ont it lour peugt goubenir ftant engt noug birent bentr. com engi fumeg rengie1 l" orent Ijerbergie

• ne est. b e. c Si cum. d mer. " Ie ost. ' pendans.

K Ses bauiles a arengier. h En trues con. ' ..ors se arengierent

baneour. k Ilvec. l Troi. m vest. " toutes. ° coulours.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 63

Towards the south it was not easy, be- cause there were numerous dangerous de- files of wood, and marshes, and ditches, where the sea is on each side of it, and where the river reaches it ; and therefore it was necessary for the host to approach it towards the east, where the hill slopes.

And in that place by the King's com- . mands his battalions were formed into three, as they were to be quartered ; then were the banners arranged, when one might observe many a warrior there exer- cising his horse : and there appeared three thousand brave men at arms ; then might be seen gold and silver, and the noblest and best of all rich colours, so as en- tirely to illuminate the valley ; conse- quently, those of the castle, on seeing us arrive, might, as I well believe, deem that they were in greater peril than they could ever before remember. And as soon as we were thus drawn up, we were

v mellours. i chaste). ' peussent. • Ke en tel peril.

1 E tant cum si fumes rengie. » Mart-seal.

64 JLe &iege tie

<£ta tout pac tout placed 3lorg beigt on maigong oubreeg c &ang d djarpentierg et a ©e mult ae &iber£eg faconj. ©e toile falandje eta totfe tetnte6 Ita ot tenoue coroe mdntec lEeint poiiS^on en tcrre f ficijie s iaeinth grant arbre a terref trencljie faire { logesS et a f ueUies*

et a floury t$ botsS cuellie!» furent join

31 In tanto.st ?i bten aiunt Ke la nabie a tetref tint <© Ie^ engine eta la tntaile <Eta ja comencoit la pietaile au tebant &u cijajttel aler

on entce eupm bolet jJagettesi11 eta quacreauji0 tant cljiec djangent louc Cil Deben? a ceujc P tiejbor# ften peti^t tymt plu.^oure 31 tt et ble^cie? et nabre? r €t ne gcat qan;Ss a moct libre? 2^e.^ quant leg geng* De armeg pecturent" fte li jSergant tel# mau^ recurent

• e. b liverees. c 77,^ /jne ^ omitted in the copy in the College

of Arms. <> Sanz. ' tainle. ' tere. B fiche. '• Mairit.

1 fere. k dedenz. > genz. ™ eus. » saiettes. « quareau?.

THE SIEGE OP CARLAVEROCK. 65

quartered by the Marshal, and then might be seen houses built without carpenters or masons, of many different fashions, and many a cord stretched, with white and coloured cloth, with many pins driven into the ground, many a large tree cut down to make huts ; and leaves, herbs, and flowers gathered in the woods, which were screwed within ; and then our people took up their quarters.

Soon afterwards it fortunately happened that the navy arrived with the engines and provisions, and then the foot-men began to march against the castle; then might be seen stones, arrows, and quarreaus to fly among them; but so effectually did those within exchange then* tokens with those without, that in one short hour there were many persons wounded and maimed, and I know not how many killed.

When the men at arms saw that the foot-men had sustained such losses who

p Cil de dedenz a ceus. i Ke en petite hocire plusours cors.

' 1 ot blesciez e navirez. • E ne sai quanz. « Kant les gem.

u percurent.

le ©fegc He

$ti comencie orent It a&Jaut j&eint tn i court meint en i gaut <£ta meint $i Ijasrte $i oe alec $e a nul i nen Daigne parlerb i peu£t on reteoic

e£ piere^ cyanic €omd ^i on en Deugt pouorec

et Jieaumesi effonDrec e et target &e£pecietf Car oe tuec et oe blejScier <2^toit Ii jujss oont til iuoient Itt a gran? cri?b #e entre ijuoient teuant1 mal beoient abenic

Ea W je tout premier k benir

5Le bon Bertram de naontboucTjier

©e gouleg furent troi^ pirljier

<£n ^on esScu oargent1 Iui^antm

<£n Ie ourle noire li bezant

«5erarb De ^oun&rontile n o li 25adjeler legier eta j-oli lie egcu ot bair ne plu£ ne €i^t ne orent pa£ oi^eu^eiSP Car meinte pierei amont offrirent <£ta meinte pedant coup t jsouffrirenf

" e. b Ke anulli ne enclaigne parler. « ausi. d Cum.

' E chapeaus e heames effrondrer. ' depescier. t ju. k cris

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 67

had begun the attack, many ran there, many leaped there, and many used such haste to go, that they did not deign to speak to any one. Then might there be seen such kind of stones thrown as if they would beat hats and helmets to powder, and break shields and targets in pieces ; for to kill and wound was the game at which they played. Great shouts arose among them, when they perceived that any mischief occurred.

There, first of all, I saw come the good Bertram de Montbouchier, on whose shining silver shield were three red pitchers, with besants hi a black border.

With him Gerard de Gondronville, an active and handsome bachelor. He had a shield neither more nor less than vaire. These were not resting idle, for they threw up many a stone, and suffered many a heavy blow.

Kant. * primer. ' de argent. "• luisant. " Gondronrile. meini. r oi«eu». '' pcre. ' coup soffrirent.

GS

le Siege He

SBretoung egtott It premeratng a <£ It gecon£b £u EoberainjJ ©ont nulg ne troebe lautrec lent ain$id &onente baufcour etf talent 31? autrcsi tie g'e i acuelltrs

bint le rf^agtel a^ailletb fit? IKlatmaDuc1 a faamere unk grant route e pleniere bon^ batfjeler^

Robert tie

3j fu tn oc tie intie frette

Robert tie ^aun^art1 tout 2i bt bentr o bet" gent iiottjje o troi.s cstoiic.c' De argent Cenant le^cu0 par lt$ enarme^

J^enri tie ^raljam unejS

2bott bermoilleji come?

<© uner gautour etf au cljef blaunc8

<©u ot trots* bermeitles?

primerains. b secunds. c leatitre. d ainz. e donnent. '• acuellier. h assaitlir. ' Li fiz mermenduc. k une.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 69

The first body was composed of Bre- tons, and the second were of Lorrain, of which none found the other tardy ; so that they afforded encouragement and emula- tion to others to resemble them. Then came to assail the castle, Fitz-Marmaduke, with a banner and a great and full troop of good and select bachelors.

Robert de Willoughby, I saw, bore gold fretty azure.

Robert de Hamsart I saw arrive, fully prepared, with fine followers, holding a red shield by the straps, containing three silver stars.

Henry de Graham had his arms red as blood, with a white saltire and chief, on which he had three red escalop shells.

1 Hamsart. ' apresle. " bele. • le eicu. f cume.

i sane. ' un. ' blanc.

70

Le @>iege ne ftatlafeerofc.

V

7

De £:d)emonDa fei £ai£ottb De lancet be relief «£ Deu£ jumeau£ De or ctc au fltooit bermeiUeiS armcures Ci.st ne tent com gcng meuregd Be com0 0cti!>f De ^en alumee^ Mt$ com0 ar^e^ ctc enfumee^e ©e ocfluel etc DC mclancolieh Ca: oroit ont leuc' t>o:e acoutiek 5Jufe a la ritie Du fo$$t Ct cil De ftidjcmono a pa^e 3 meintenant jup£s» au pont Ite entree Demanae oti Ii re.spont1 ©e arostfeg ptere^ etc cocnue^ i©p([ebpm en jSe^ abenue.^ <Dt unn peice0 en mi le pijS ©ont bien Detroit porter (e pig &on e$icu ^i te Daignoit faire Ite Gl? .BiiarmaDucP cet affaire £ant entrepri^t a enDurer Com6 li autre i porent Durer Car il e$itoit^ com6 line r^taclje ;Sa baniere ot meinte tacije meint pertui?!r mat a reconiStre tant noblcment ^i mon#tre! De $ttm e^cu moult goufcent Woit on boler Ie taint au bent

• Richmont. b fesoit. c e. d Cist ne vont pas cum gens meures. c cum. ' genz. 6 enfumes. h nialencolie. ' lour.

k acuellie. ' Le entre demande on li respont. ra Wilebi. ° une.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 71

Thomas de Richmont, who a second time collected some lances, had red armour, with a chief and two gemells of gold. These did not act like discreet people, nor as persons enlightened by understand- ing ; but as if they had been inflamed and blinded with pride and despair, for they made their way right forwards to the very brink of the ditch.

And those of Richmont passed at this moment quite to the bridge, and demanded entry ; they were answered with ponderous stones and cornues. Willoughby in his advances received a stone in the middle of his breast, which ought to have been pro- tected by his shield, if he had deigned to use it.

Fitz Marmaduke had undertaken to en- dure as much in that affair as the others could bear, for he was like a post ; but his banner received many stains, and many a rent difficult to mend.

Hamsart bore himself so nobly, that from his shield fragments might often be

0 piere. ' Le fiz mermenduc. 1 estut. ' percuii.

• Hamsart tant noblement se i monstre. ' Ke.

72 He €>iege He fcarlafcerofc.

Car it eta cif be Sttbemont ftuent h$b picre# contrementc €omd gi ce fugt ag enbtaile£e

til beben.se a beffiaife£ h endjargent te£te£ eta cou£ encombrance ' tie gran? cou£ k Cit tie <3ra5jam' ne fu pa.^ quite# Cat ne toauara beuji promesJ™ quiteji <Banque^ entier n enpocteta ©et e^cu quant0 jSen partira <©#P bou^ la noi^e comencie <©boet euis ^e^ti entre lancie ©eg 0eng le Sos un grant ©ont gi ie toug8 leg nom.^1 <Eta reconta^e" leg bnn Crop men genroit1 pe^an^ H Cant furent eta tant bien It? ferent € non pottant2 pa# ne ^oulfitent ^»an# aa la maijfnie au fit? bb Ie &op cc fti moult i bint tie noble aropdd €atee meinte targe fte^tljement eta guatmff ricibement ijeaume eta meint cijapeau burni Uleint rid]e gamfaoi^on garni ss ©e #>iehh eta cabag eta toton «En lour benue bei^t oun" ©e oiber^e^ tailed eta forged

• e. b lour. c contremont. d cum. e euviales. l E.

i dcdenz. h Lour. ' emcombiaiice. k cups. ' Cil Graham, in the copy in the College of Arms. m pomes. " Kanques entere.

° kan t. P Es. i se est. ' De genz le Rui une grant masse.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 73

seen to fly in the air ; for he, and those of Richmont, drove the stones upwards as if it were rotten, whilst those within de- fended themselves by loading their heads and necks with the weight of heavy blows.

Those led by Graham did not escape, for there were not above two who returned unhurt, or brought back their shields entire.

Then you might hear the tumult begin. With them were intermixed a great body of the King's followers, all of whose names if I were to repeat, and recount their brave actions, the labour would be too heavy, so many were there, and so well did they behave. Nor would this suffice without those of the retinue of the King's son, great numbers of whom came there in noble array ; for many a shield newly painted and splendidly adorned, many a helmet and many a burnished hat, many a rich gambezon garnished with silk, tow, and cotton, were there to be seen of divers forms and fashions.

• touz. ' nons. " recontaisse. » scroll. r It.

* porquant. " Sanz. bb fiz. " roi. •" aroi. « Kar. " guarnie. ** guarni. bb soi. u on.

U

He @>fege Be

3floegue.!Sa bi ie $auf De C|)ebalierb noubel a Doube ©e ptereg c a terre d tumbe <£t e tie foule plug De une foig f Car tant e.Stoit De grant buffoigs Mh ne £en Oatgnoit' Depattic Cout jnon tiarnoi^ ete ^on atitk ma^cle tie or ete oe a^ut fii e^toient jiur le muc Robert tie iJTonji moult greboit Car en ^a compaignie aboit 3Le faon ^icijart De la tHoKele Dti ceuji oeDen? # enparfiele Jte moult ^oubent le£ fait retraire €il ot gon e.^cu fait portraire1 JBia^cle tie gouleg ete be ermine 3bam De la j?orDe au mut mine €n tel maniere™ com" il puet Car augi Dru com n pluie pluet Wolent #e# piereji enji0 ete fcorg ©ont moult fu Defoule^P It orjS ©e troi^ lionceauji'i couronnejsr ftil8 ot rampant en inDe ne? %e bon 23aroun De JDpgnctone' ^erbeillc^" ej»t fte tout ne e^tone lit faijS Dejs coupe^ x ftt y il i recoit Car ia ce fee benu£ i #oit

* Ilveques. b Chevalier. c peres. * I ' bufoiz. h Ke il. ! deignoit. t atire. in (he copy in the College of Arms. m maner.

e. ' e. f foiz.

' This line is omitted

" cum. ° enz.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 7^

There I saw Ralph de Gorges, a newly dubbed Knight, fall more than once to the ground from stones and the crowd, for he was of so haughty a spirit that he would not deign to retire. He had all his harness and attire mascally of gold and azure.

Those who were on the wall Robert de Tony severely harassed ; for he had in his company the good Richard de Rokeley, who so well plied those within that he frequently obliged them to retreat. He had his shield painted mascally of red and ermine.

Adam de la Forde mined the walls as well as he could, for his stones flew in and out as thick as rain, by which many were disabled. He bore, in clear blue, three gold lioncels rampant crowned.

The good Baron of Wigtown received such blows that it was the astonishment of all that he was not stunned ; for, without

defoulcz. ' lyonceaus. ' couronnez. ' Ke il. ' \Vignetone. Merveilleis. * coups. 1 ke.

le

.§»an? Seigneur a Ijorg de retenance 31 a b plug nen a la contenance oej-ibarfjie c ne egpoentee €t ild portoit borbure enbentee <© trotg egtotleg tie or en gable IKleint e pedant piere tt f qua^abfe Ctt te iftirfebribe h t porta ^leg le e^cu blancjje Debant beta' <© la croig bcroe' enoreUiek <f>i fte moult fu bien gac lui la portem Du Cat onque£ feureiS t>e martel &i ^our j»on fee ne mattelan Com0 il etf li gten ffrent la porqantP tant i ont e£te

yctt$$t$ piere^ tempe^te

De quarreau.si etf tie

De bfejscure^r etf

It8 lag etf gi amortt Ste a moult grant peine en gont parti Haeg am? ftil genu fuggent parti? Cil be Cltffort com0 aberti? «£ com ° cil fti ne a eu pourpcg $te ctl beDen? aient repog 31 a ga baniere entooie «ctf tant com0 bien le aix conboie

• segnour. t quaissable. k engreellie.

b Ja. f Esbahie. d Cil. e Meinte. ' e.

'' Kirkebricle. ' Mes les escu blancdrvant buuta.

1 assallie. •" De li la porte. " Si sur son fer martela.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 77

excepting any lord present, none shewed a more resolute or unembarrassed coun- tenance. He bore within a bordure in- dented, three gold stars on sable.

Many a heavy and crushing stone did he of Kirkbride receive, but he placed before him a white shield with a green cross engrailed. So stoutly was the gate of the castle assailed by him, that never did smith with his hammer strike his iron as he and his did there. Notwithstanding, there were showered upon them such huge stones, quarrels, and arrows, that with wounds and bruises they were so hurt and exhausted, that it was with very great difficulty they were able to retire.

But as soon as they had retreated, he of Cliiford, being advised of it, and like one who had no intention that those within should have repose, sent his banner there, and as many as could properly

° cum. >' purquant. ' quareaus. ' blessures.

1 Ke a m'lt grant peine sont parti. ° —eg aim ke il se en. * a.

X

78

He ©fege tie telafcerofu

©e J&abelegmere SBartljolmteug a 3jojbanjj be Crometoelle au mieu£ <©ueb puet i a mige ge entente Car nui.si be ceu£ ne fait atente ®e afae^ter etc pieces* cuelltrd «Etc be ruer etc be aggaillir Cant com6 surer lour puet aleine Mt$ leg sen£f a Ifl cibe.^teleine e He lour lei^enth abotr ^ouiour 2Babel.^mere fit tout le tout 3fluec ^e conttnt bien etc bel portoit en blanc au bleu label

rouge entre ocus1 jumcau?

It prcu.s It beau£ fte entre le ptere^ ba trtpant €n tnbe ot blanc lpounk rampant Couronne be or au1 double coue Mt$ pag ne croim fie il la regcoue lie iluec ne It jSoit recoupee Cant futn be piereg egtampee0 € brote ain? fill ?'cn a laf

cejS beugi rebtnbrent la ilDarbe et c 5I°i)ati^ be s!3rai r be noubet ont enbai*

bcben? fit bten atenbent <£t arc^ etu arfaale^teg tenbent

• De Badelsmere Bartbolmieuis. b Ke. c e. d cuellier.

* cum. ' gcnz. i cbasteleine. '' Icssent. ' deuz.

k lyon. ' o. m Mes ne croi pas. " fu. ° estampe

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. ?9

escort it, with Bartholomew de Badles- mere, and John de Cromwell, as those who could best perform his wishes; for whilst their breath lasted, none of them neglected to stoop and pick up the stones, to throw them, and to attack.

But the people of the castle would not permit them to remain there long. Bad- lesmere, who all that day behaved him- self well and bravely, bore on white with a blue label a red fess between two ge- melles. Cromwell, the brave and hand- some, who went gliding between the stones, bore on blue a white lion rampant double -tailed, and crowned with gold; but think not that he brought it away, or that it was not bruised, so much was it battered and defaced by stones before he retreated.

After these two, La Warde and John de Gray returned there, and renewed the at- tack. Those within, who were fully expect- ing it, bent their bows and cross-bows,

» Ebroie ainz ke il se en ala. i Apres ecus deux. ' Gray.

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k felounement. l Ainz. m assilll. ° porquant.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 81

and prepared their espringalls, and kept themselves quite ready both to throw and to hurl.

Then the followers of my Lord of Brit- tany recommenced the assault, fierce and daring as lions of the mountains, and every day improving in both the practice and use of arms. Their party soon covered the entrance of the castle, for none could have attacked it more furiously. Not, however, that it was so subdued that those who came after them would not have a share hi their labours ; but they left more than enough for them also.

After these, the people of my Lord of Hastings assembled there, where I saw John de Cretinques in danger of losing a horse. When upon it, one came beneath pricking it with an arrow ; but he did not seem to be dissembling, he used such haste to strike him. On his white shield he had caused to be depicted a red chevron with three mullets.

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r teindre.

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au .soir beg le matinct

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figures ij have been subsequently added. ' ausi. I trouveroient.

'• Cil de dedenzse or sen alassent. ' touz iourscum. k porquanques.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 83

He who bore a dancette and billets of gold on blue, John Deincourt by name, rushed to the assault, and there extremely well performed his duty.

It was also a fine sight to see the good brothers of Berkeley receiving numerous blows ; and the brothers Basset likewise, of whom the eldest bore thus, ermine, a red

chief indented, charged with three gold

'A mullets ; the other, with three shells ; found

the passages straitened. Those within continually relieved one another, for al- ways as one became fatigued, another re- turned fresh and stout : and, notwithstand- ing such assaults were made upon them, they would not surrender, but so de- fended themselves, that they resisted those who attacked, all that day and night, and the next day until tierce. But their cou- rage was considerably depressed during the attack by the brother Robert, who sent numerous stones from the robinet, without cessation from the dawn of the

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84 le S>fep He

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oe fec^ targe de fujit gauba fte blende? r ne fu^t ^ants toirent fte plu^ otirec porent* ne plu^ enDurer tequiterent" li compaignon €t bouterontx ijorg uney penon

reluiz fci fjorg Ie bouta gcai quelg

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THE SIEGE OP CARLAVEROCK. 85

preceding day until the evening. More- over, on the other side he was erecting three other engines, very large, of great power and very destructive, which cut down and cleave whatever they strike. Fortified town, citadel, nor barrier — no- thing is protected from their strokes. Yet those within did not flinch until some of them were slain, but then each began to repent of his obstinacy, and to be dis- mayed. The pieces fell in such manner, wherever the stones entered, that when they struck either of them, neither iron cap nor wooden target could save him from a wound.

And when they saw that they could not hold out any longer or endure more, the companions begged for peace, and put out a pennon, but he that displayed it was shot with an arrow, by some archer, through the hand into the face. Then he

' Ke maintenant blesciez, in the copy in the College of jtrmi. ' Equant. < porrent. • Pas requistrem, in the copy in the College of Arms.

* buutercnt. ' un. * celuy. •» Ne sai ques scrguis saitrta.

Z

86 le ©feffe tie ftatlaftcrofc.

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i

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• Par mi la mien jok. b com. c Roi. d e. ' vendront.

1 moult, in the copy in the College of Arms. i assault. h scisaut.

' Ki. k doiia. ' cliescun. m ioiuuse. " Rois. ° seint. P tcel. i fu. ' dunnez.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 87

begged that they would do no more to him, for they will give up the castle to the King, and throw themselves upon his mercy. And the marshal and constable, who always remained on the spot, at that notice forbad the assault, and these sur- rendered the castle to them.

And this is the number of those who came out of it; of persons of different sorts and ranks sixty rnen, who were beheld with much astonishment, but they were all kept and guarded till the King commanded that life and limb should be given them, and ordered to each of them a new garment. Then was the whole host rejoiced at the news of the conquest of the castle, which was so noble a prize.

Then the King caused them to bring up his banner, and that of St. Edmond, St. George, and St. Edward, and with them, by established right, those of Segravc and Hereford, and that of the Lord of Clifford, to whom the castle was entrusted.

88 Le ®iege tie

€ta puf^ a li Soiji oroenegb «£oiii cilc fci oe guerre d e£t moult0 js' <EouiSf $t$ cijeminjf eta Comente ira parmih €ele forte1 tcrrek locc.

5[ci' fintjit le £ic0em De ftarlaberofi.

" e. b ordentz. l Cum ciU. '' guere. e mut. ' Touz. f Comment. h mie. ' fort. k tere. ' Ci. "' Assault,

in the co/iy in the College of Arms.

THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 8.9

/

And then the King, who is well skilled in war, directed in what way his array should proceed.

Here ends the Siege of Carlaverock.

•2 A

MEMOIRS

OF

Cije $eetfii anti

MENTIONED IN THE POEM.

The particulars contained in the following Memoirs are throughout taken from Sir William Dugdale's " Baronage," excepting where other authorities are cited in the notes.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN.

[PAGE 5.]

THIS distinguished nobleman, whose name occupies so prominent a place in the records of almost every public event of his time, was the eldest son of Edmund de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, by Alice, the daughter of the Marquess of Saluces in Italy. He succeeded his father in the Earldom8 in 1257, at which time he was probably about nine years of age, his parents having been married in May, 1247.b The first circumstance relating to the Earl after his birth, of which we have any notice, was his marriage, in 1256, to Margaret, the eldest daughter and coheiress of William de Longespee ; the covenants of which are given by Dugdale. In 1269 the Earl became involved in a dispute about some lands with John Earl Warren,

a Dugdale says, vol. I. p. 103, that " Edmund de Lacy, the father of Henry, never used the title of Earl of Lincoln, nor was it ever attributed to him in any grant, though he enjoyed the tertium denarium of that county, as may be seen by a record of after time." The late Francis Townsend, Esq. Windsor Herald, in his valuable collections for a new edition of Dugdale's Baronage, has, however, proved that this assertion is erroneous, for he observes, " In the record referred to by Dugdale, relating to Henry his son, this Edmund is expressly described as « Edmundus de Lacy, pater ejusdem Henrici, quondam Comitis Lincolniae ;' and he is also so designated in the patent of safe conduct to the King and Queen of Scotland, dated 5 September, 39 Hen. III. 1255. Fadera, tome I. p. 563." Dugdale's statement, that Henry de Lacy was " made Earl of Lincoln" at the same time that he received the honour of knighthood, does not appear to be supported by evidence, and even if he had been so created, it would not be conclusive that his father had not enjoyed the same honour. Some remarks on the descent of Earldoms at that period, connected with this remark, will be found in vol. XXI. of the Archaeologia.

b Mr. Townsend's " MS. Collections for Dugdale's Baronage."

2B

94 HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN.

and each party prepared to establish his claim by force of arms, but their intention becoming known to the King, he commanded his Justices to hear and determine the cause, who decided it in favour of the Earl of Lincoln. William de Long- espee, his wife's father, died in the 52 Hen. III. and soon afterwards the Countess and her husband performed homage for, and obtained livery of, all the lands which had in consequence devolved upon her. In her right he is considered to have become Earl of Salisbury, the said William de Longespee having been en- titled to that dignity, though he was never allowed it, as son and heir of William de Longespee, the natural son of King Henry the Second by the well known Rosamond Clifford, who obtained the Earldom of Salisbury by his marriage with Elizabeth, the daughter and heiress of William d' Evereux. On the feast of St. Edward, 18 March, 1272, the Earl of Lincoln received the honour of knight- hood, and in the same year was appointed governor of Knaresborough Castle. To follow Dugdale in his account of this Earl would not only be a useless repe- tition, but the limits which it is proposed to assign to each of the individuals who are mentioned in the preceding Poem would be considerably exceeded; hence the principal circumstances of his life only will be noticed, and even these must be alluded to as concisely as possible. In the 5 Edw. I. he had livery of the fee which his ancestors had usually received nomine comitat&s Lincoln, with all the arrears from the time he was invested by King Henry the Third with the sword of that Earldom. Upon several occasions between the 6th and 10th Edw. I. he obtained grants of fairs, markets, and free-warrens in different parts of his do- mains ; and in the year last mentioned he accompanied the expedition then sent into Wales. Leland asserts that the Earl built the town of Denbigh, the land of which had been granted to him " from his having married into the blood of those princes, and that he walled it and erected a castle, on the front of which -was a statue of him in long robes ; and that anciently prayers were offered in Saint Hillary's chapel in that place for Lacy and Percy."

Dugdale considers that his surrender of the castle and barony of Pontefract to the King, with all the honours thereto belonging, in the 20th Edw. I. arose from his " having been long married, and doubting whether he should ever have issue, but upon condition as it seems," for the King by his charter, dated at Newcastle on Tync, 28 Dec. 21 Edw. I. re-granted the same to him and to the heirs of his body, with remainder to Edmund Earl of Lancaster, the King's bro- ther, and to the heirs of his body, failing which to the King and his heirs. In

HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN. 95

almost the next paragraph, however, that eminent writer says, " that in the 22nd Edw. I. the Earl received a grant of several manors from the King, with remainder to Thomas, the son of Edmund Earl of Lancaster, and Alice his wife, sole daugh- ter of the Earl, and to the heirs of their two bodies lawfully begotten, and failing such issue, to the right heirs of the said Thomas," from which it would appear that at the time of the surrender by the Earl of Lincoln to the King, the said Alice was living ; and which is further confirmed by his saying in a subsequent page, that she was twenty-eight years of age at the death of her father in 1312, in which case she must have been above seven at the time in question. In the 20th Edw. I. the Earl was sent as ambassador to the King of France to treat on the subject of the restraint of those pirates who robbed some French merchants ; and in the 22nd year of that monarch he again attended him into Wales, and was likewise in the expedition sent into Gascony. He accompanied the Earl of Lancaster in the 24 Edw. I. into Brittany, and was present at various successes of the English forces. On the death of that nobleman he suc- ceeded him in his command, and besieged the town of Aux with great vigour, though without success, and was forced to retreat to Bayonne ; from which place he marched with John de St. John towards Bellegard, which was then besieged by the Count d'Artois. The engagement which took place in the vicinity of that town, does not, from Dugdale's relation of it, appear to have added to the repu- tation of the Earl, as he informs us, upon the authority of Walsinghain, that " approaching a wood about three miles from Bellegard, he divided his army into two parts, whereof the van was led by John de St. John, and the rear by himself; but having past the wood where St. John, meeting the enemy, began the fight, discerning their strength, he retreated to Bayonne, leaving the rest to shift for themselves, so that St. John and many others were by reason thereof taken prisoners." Whatever stain this circumstance might have cast upon his military character, seems to have been partially removed towards the end of that year, by his having obliged the enemy to raise the siege which they had laid to St. Kathcrine's in Gascony ; soon after which he proceeded into Flanders, and thence returned to England. In the ensuing year, 27 Edw. I. he was summoned by writ, tested 17 Sept. 27 Edw. I. 1299, to be at York with horse and arms on the morrow of the feast of St. Martin, to serve against the Scots,0 and in the next

c Appendix to the First Peerage Report, p. 112.

96 HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN.

year he is stated to have been sent to the Pope, with Sir Hugh Spencer, to com- plain of injuries received from the Scots ; and about the same time he was ap- pointed Lieutenant of Gascony. In the 29th Edw. I. he was made governor of Corfe Castle, from which year, until the 31st of Edw. I. when he was joined in commission with the Bishop of Winchester to treat of peace between England and France, Dugdale gives no account of him.

It was, however, on the 24th June, in the 29th Edw. I. anno 1300, when the Earl must have been above fifty years of age, that he commanded the first division of the army which besieged Carlaverock Castle. The only charac- teristic trait recorded of him by the Poet, is that of valour, which we are told was the principal feeling that animated his heart, and in so rude an age this attribute was perhaps the highest and most gratifying praise that could be imagined. His name does not afterwards occur in that production, from which we may conclude that his services at the siege and assault were not very conspi- cuous. In 1305 the Earl was again employed on a mission to the Pope, being deputed with the Bishops of Lichfield and Worcester to attend the inauguration of the Pontiff" at Lyons, and to present him, in the name of the King, with se- veral vessels of pure gold. After having executed this command, it appears that he was once more in the wars in Gascony, and in the ensuing year was similarly employed in Scotland. Upon the death of the King, at Burgh in Cumberland, the Earl was one of the peers who attended him in his last moments, and received his solemn request to be faithful to his son, and not to allow Piers de Gaveston to return into England. Immediately after Edward's demise, he joined some Earls and Barons in a solemn engagement to defend the young King, his honour and authority ; and at his coronation he is recorded to have carried one of the swords borne at that ceremony ;d shortly after which he was appointed governor of Skipton Castle. His conduct seems to have secured the confidence of the new monarch, for upon his expedition towards Scotland in the 3rd and 4th years of his reign, the Earl of Lincoln was constituted Governor of the realm during his absence.

The preceding account of this personage has been almost entirely taken from Sir William Dugdale's Baronage. The only facts which have been ascertained relating to him, not stated in that work, are, that he was one of the Main-

d Fcedera, N. E. vol. II. part 1, p. 36.

HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN. 97

pernors for the Earl of Gloucester in 1292 ; that he was a Receiver and Trier of Petitions in 1304 ; that he was present in the parliament held at Carlisle in February, 35 Edw. I. 1307 ; and that he was one of the Peers appointed to regu- late the King's household in May, 3 Edw. II. 1309.°

His works of piety were proportionate to his extensive possessions, and, adopt- ing this criterion of his religious sentiments, we may conclude that he was not behind his contemporaries in superstition or devotion. Amongst his more sub- stantial gifts to the church was his large contribution to the " new work" at St.' Paul's cathedral in London ;f and three gilt crosses and a carbuncle, and a cup of silver gilt which was said to have belonged to St. Edmund, to the shrine of St. Edmund in the abbey of Salley.

The Earl of Lincoln closed a long and active career, in 1312, at Lincoln's Inn,s in the suburbs of London, being then about sixty-three or sixty-four years of age, and he is reported to have called his son-in-law, the Earl of Lancaster, to him upon his death-bed, and after representing how highly " it had pleased God to honor and enrich him above others," he told him that " he was obliged to love and honor God above all things ;" and then added, " Seest thou the Church of England, heretofore honorable and free, enslaved by Romish oppressions, and the King's wicked exactions ? Scest thou the common people, impoverished by tri- butes and taxes, and from the condition of freemen reduced to servitude ? Seest thou the nobility, formerly venerable throughout Christendom, vilified by aliens in their own native country ? I therefore charge thee by the name of Christ to stand up like a man for the honor of God and his church, and the redemption of thy country, associating thyself to that valiant, noble, and prudent person, Guy Earl of Warwick, when it .shall be most proper to discourse of the public affairs of the- kingdom, who is so judicious in counsel and mature in judgment. Fear not thy opposers who shall contest against thce in the truth, and if thou pursuest

e Rot. Parl. vol. I. pp. 75, 76, 159, 188, 443. f Dugd. St. Paul's, ed. 1818, p. 11.

g This celebrated Inn of Court is recorded to have been the town residence of the Bishops of Chichester, from the reign of Henry the Third to that of Henry the Eighth. It seems, however, to have been for a short time possessed by the subject of this memoir, who, although the only Earl of Lincoln who resided there, left it the name which it has permanently retained during the five subsequent centuries. The arms of Lacy on the gate-house in Chancery-lane were erected by Sir Thomas Lovel, together with his own, in the year 1518.

2c

98

HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN.

this my advice, thou shalt gain eternal honor !" This patriotic speech, which is attributed to him by Walsingham, who wrote in the fifteenth century, is worthy of attention as conveying the view taken of the affairs of the period by a monk about one hundred years afterwards ; for it would require extraordinary credulity to consider that it was really uttered by the dying Earl, whose whole life does not appear to present a single action indicative of the sentiments there attributed to him. His body was buried in the eastern part of St. Paul's cathedral in London, between the chapel of our Lady and that of St. Dunstan.

The Earl of Lincoln was twice married, first to Margaret de Longespee be- fore mentioned, by whom he had a son, Edmond de Lacy, who was drowned in a well in a high tower, called the Red Tower, in Denbigh Castle, in his father's life-time ; and a daughter, Alice, the. wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, who was his sole heiress, and at the Earl's death was twenty-eight years of age. His second wife was Joan, sister and heiress of William Baron Martin, who survived him, and was re-married to Nicholas Baron Audley.

Alice, Countess of Lancaster, whose romantic life has been made the subject of a popular novel, styled herself, as sole inheritrix of the extensive possessions of her father and mother, Countess of Lincoln and Salisbury. She was thrice married; first, to the Earl of Lancaster; secondly, to Eubolo le Strange; and, thirdly, to Hugh le Frenes ; but died without issue on the Thursday next after the feast of St. Michael, 22 Edw. III. i. e. 2nd October, 1348, when the repre- sentation of the powerful house of Lacy became vested in the descendants of Maud, the sister of Henry Earl of Lincoln, who mar- ried Richard de Clare Earl of Gloucester.

The arms of the Earl, on the authority of this Poem, and of a contemporary MS. in the British Museum, Cotton MSS. Caligula, A, xvij. as well as upon that of several of his seals, were, Or, a lion rampant Purpure.

99

ROBERT FITZ WALTER.

[PAGE 5.]

There is not one name in English history with which our political liberties are so intimately associated as with that of FITZ WALTER, from its having been borne by the illustrious individual to whom we are chiefly indebted for Magna Charta. Robert Fitz Walter, " Marshal of the army of God and the Holy Church," the inflexible leader of those Barons who extorted that palladium of the constitution of this country from King John, was the grandfather of the sub- ject of this memoir ; and although his deeds bear no comparison to those of his renowned ancestor, they were neither few nor unimportant.

Robert Fitz Walter was born in 1248, and succeeded his father Walter Fitz Walter in the Barony in 1258, being then ten years of age ; and in 1274 he re- ceived the honour of knighthood. As Constable of Baynard's Castle, or, as it was then called, the Castle of London, to which office he succeeded by inheritance, he was banner-bearer of the city, and in time of war was to serve it by riding upon a light horse, with twenty men at arms, having their horses covered with cloth, into the great door of St. Paul's church, with the banner of his arms carried before him ; and having arrived there, he was to be met by the Mayor, together with the Sheriffs and Aldermen of London, when several cm-monies were to be performed, which are minutely detailed by the historians of London.

He was present in the parliament which met at Westminster on the feast of St. Michael, 6 Edw. I. 1278, in which Alexander King of Scotland did homage to Edward ; f and in the 8th Edw. I. he married his second wife, Devorguil, one of the daughters and coheirs of John de Burgh, son of Hubert Earl of Kent, from which time until the 21st Edw. I. when he was appointed Governor of the castle of de la Bere in the county of Merioneth, nothing is recorded of him excepting

f Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 224 a.

100 ROBERT FJTZ WALTER.

what relates to his lands. In 1292 he was a Mainpernor for the Earl of Glou- cester, s and in the 22nd and 23rd Edw. I. served in the retinue of the Earl of Lancaster in Gascony, and also in Scotland in the 25th of that monarch. He received a summons, tested at Berwick, 29th Dec. 28th Edw. I. 1299, to be at Carlisle with horse and arms on the feast of the nativity of St. John next ensuing, to serve against the Scots, in obedience to which writ he joined the King, and was present with the forces sent to besiege Carlaverock ; at which time he must have been fifty-two years old. Dugdalc states that in the 28th Edw. I. he served in Scotland in the retinue of the Earl of Lancaster, and in the next year in that of the Prince of Wales, but the Poet asserts that he was in the squadron led by the Earl of Lincoln. The merit which he attributes to him is that of expertness in the use of arms, an expression which we may consider as synonymous with the character of a good soldier in the most extensive meaning of the term.

In February in the following year he became a party to the letter written at Lincoln by the Barons of England to the Pope, relative to his Holiness's claim to the sovereignty of Scotland, to which important document his seal is still at- tached. He was summoned to parliament from the 23rd June, 23rd Edw. I. 1295, to the 10th of October, 19th Edw. II. 1325, and was also summoned to serve against the Scots in the 34th and 35th Edw. I. and in the 4th, 6th, and 8th Edw. II. In 1304 he petitioned the King that a certain chapel, called a Jew's synagogue, might be granted to him ;h and in the same year he also prayed his Majesty to institute an inquiry relative to his debt to the Crown, and that, after an allowance was made for it out of the sum which was then due to him for his services in Gas- cony, the difference might be determined:1 and a parliament having been ordered to meet at Carlisle in the octaves of St. Hilary, 35th Edw. I. 1306, it is recorded that " he would come with the Cardinal." k

This Baron was twice married, first to Eleanor, daughter of Earl Ferrers, and secondly to Devorguil de Burgh ; and died about the 19th Edw. II. 1325, leaving, by his first wife, Robert, his son and heir; and, by his second, a daughter, Christiana, who became heiress to her mother, and married John Baron le Marshall. The barony of Fitz Walter continued vested in the male heirs of the said Robert until the reign of Henry VI. when it passed to the family of Ratcliffe, by marriage with the daughter and heiress of Walter Lord Fitz Walter, who

e Rot. Part. vol. I. p. 76. h Ibid. p. 162. i Ibid. p. 169 a. k Ibid. p. 288.

WILLIAM LE MARSHALL. 101

died in 1432, and from them to that of Mildmay in 1 669, but fell into abeyance between the coheirs of Mary, the aunt of Benjamin Mildmay, Baron and Earl Fitz Walter, who died in 1756, s. P.

The arms of Fitz Walter were, Or, a fess between two chevronels Gules. m

WILLIAM LE MARSHALL.

[PAGE 6.]

William le Marshall was the son and heir of John le Marshall, a Baron in the reigns of Henry the Third and Edward the First, and was born in 1280, being three years old when he succeeded his father in the 12th Edw. I. 1283; about which time his wardship was granted to John de Bohun."

Dugdalc's account of this Baron, who was lineally descended from the ances- tor of the Earls of Pembroke, though the latter assumed different arms, is ex- ceedingly imperfect ; as he merely states that he was in the wars of Scotland in the .'Uth Edw. I., that he was summoned to parliament from the 2nd to the 7th Edw. II., and that he departed this life about that time ; and unfortunately there arc but few materials for giving a more enlarged memoir.

The Poem informs us that he was present at the siege of Carlaverock, when he could not have been much above twenty years of age, and that he held some office of considerable importance in Ireland, though of what nature does not appear ; but there is little doubt that it referred to his situation of Hereditary Marshal of Ireland, which had been granted in fee, in 1207, to his great-great- grandfather by King John ; for upon his seal attached to the Barons' Letter to the Pope in 1301, are two batons, one on each side of his shield, a distinction which still belongs to the office of Marshal, but of the use of which this seal presents the earliest example.

m P. 5. Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. and the seal attached to the Barons' Letter, a<> 1301. n Blomefield's Norfolk, ed. 1805, vol. I. p. l:H.

102 WILLIAM LE MARSHALL.

In February, in the 29th Edw. I. 1301, the Baron was a party to the Letter to the Pontiff, and though that circumstance is sufficient evidence of the consideration in which he was held, it is singular that he was never summoned to parliament until the accession of Edward the Second, the earliest writ addressed to him being tested on the 9th Jan. 2 Edw. II. 1309, and the last on the 26th Nov. 7 Edw. II. 1313. No other fact connected with him appears to be recorded, excepting that he bore two gold spurs at the coronation of Edward the Second;" that in the 5th year of that monarch's reign he was involved in a personal quarrel with Nicholas de Segrave, which will be more particularly alluded to when speaking of that Baron ; ° that he was one of the Lords appointed in May, 1309, to regulate the King's household;? and that he died in the year 1314, leaving John le Mar- shall his son and heir, who was never summoned to parliament, and died in 1316 without issue, when Hawyse his sister was found to be his heir, at that time wife of Robert Baron Morley, and fifteen years of age, whose descendants are consequently the representatives of this family.

In the Letter to the Pope, William le Marshall is described as " Lord of Hengham," a manor in Norfolk, which, with other lands in that county, he in- herited from his father.

The arms of Marshall have been uniformly painted, Gules, a bend lozengy Or, which agrees with the appearance of them upon his seal attached to the Barons' Letter ; but they are described in the Poem, as well as in the contemporary MS. so frequently cited, as Gules, a bend engrailed Or. It has been suggested that this discrepancy may be explained by the resemblance which a bend lozengy would present on a banner to a bend engrailed, that what is always considered a bend lozengy might in fact have been a bend engrailed, and, therefore, that the mistake has arisen from the imperfect manner in which the lines have been marked, i

n Feeders, N. E. vol. II part I. p. 36. o Ibid. p. 140. P Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 443.

q Archaeologia, vol. xxi. p. 214.

103

HUGH BARDOLF.

[PAGE 6.]

The particulars which have been preserved of this individual are exceedingly few and unsatisfactory. His ancestors had been possessed of baronial rank by tenure of the lordship of Bradwcll in Suffolk from the reign of Henry the Second and that of Wcrmegay in Norfolk was acquired by the marriage of his great grandfather, Doun Bardolf, with Beatrix, the daughter and heiress of William de Warren. Upon the death of his father, William de Bardolf, in 1290/ those lands devolved upon him, and from his being stated to have been forty years of age at the decease of his mother Julian, daughter and heiress of Hugh de Gourney, in the 23rd Edw. I. he was probably born about the year 1255.

In June, 1294, Hugh dc Bardolf was summoned to attend a great council on the affairs of the realm, and afterwards accompanied the King into Gascony. He was taken prisoner by the French at the siege of Risunce, but his captivity ap- pears to have been of short duration, for in the 25th Edw. I. he was again in the King's service in Gascony, and in the 28th and 29th Edw. I. attended him in his expedition to Scotland, having been summoned to be present at Carlisle with horse and arms for that purpose on the feast of the nativity of St. John, in 1300. The first attempt against the Scots was the siege of Carlaverock Castle, when Bardolf was present in the division led by the Earl of Lincoln, at which time he must have been nearly forty-five years of age. The Poem states that he made a handsome appearance, and describes him to have possessed some estimable qualities.

He was summoned to parliament from the 6th February, 27th Edw. 1. 1299, to the 2nd June, 35 Edw. 1. 1302, and was a party to the Letter from the Barons of this country to the Pope in 1301, in which he is styled " Lord of Wirnicgeyc." He was again in the wars of Scotland in the 32d Edw. I. and in the same year he died. His wife was Isabel, daughter and heiress of Robert de Aquilon, who sur- vived him, and, in 1321, petitioned the King and his council relative to a law-

r Esch. eod. ann.

|Q4 PHILIP DE KYME.

suit respecting some tenements in Emmesworth and Warbledon, of which she, her father, and grandfather, had been peaceably seized, under the charters of Henry III. and Edward I.s By her Lord Bardolf left issue Thomas, his son and heir, then twenty-two years of age, and William, a younger son.

The Barony of Bardolf continued in the said Thomas and his male desccend- ants, until the reign of Henry IV. when it became forfeited by the attainder of Thomas, the last Baron, who left two daughters his coheirs ; Anne, who married first, Sir William Clifford, and secondly Sir Reginald Cob- ham ; and Joan, who became the wife of Sir William Philip, K. G. sometimes called Lord Bardolf.

The arms of Bardolf, according to the Poem and the seal of this Baron, as well as the contemporary MS. Caligula, A. xvii. were Azure, three cinquefoils Or.

PHILIP DE KYME.

[PAGE 6.]

Although the name of this Baron does not often appear in the records of public transactions of his time until about the 22nd Edw. I. his services subse- quent to that period were frequent and laborious, and the Fcedcra bears ample testimony to his zeal and activity. In that year he was summoned to attend the King at Portsmouth, with horse and arms, to accompany him into France, and from that time until his death there was scarcely an expedition in which he was not a companion, or any event connected with military service in which he was not present. It would therefore be tedious to enumerate the different occasions upon which he attended his sovereign in council or in the field, but it is pleasing to observe that his merits were ultimately appreciated, for Edward the Second, in the 10th year of his reign, in consideration <